Olympic national park information biography

Olympic National Park

National park in Educator, United States

Olympic National Park

Location in Washington

Show map regard Washington (state)

Location in the Coalesced States

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LocationJefferson, Clallam, Mason, and Grays Harbor counties, Washington, United States
Nearest&#;cityPort Angeles
Coordinates47°58′10″N°29′55″W / °N °W Cv ;
Area, acres (3,&#;km2)[1]
EstablishedJune 29,
Visitors2,, (in&#;)[2]
Governing&#;bodyNational Park Service
WebsiteOlympic National Park
CriteriaNatural: vii, ix
Reference
Inscription (5th Session)

Olympic Public Park is a national preserve of the United States remain in Washington, on the Athletics Peninsula.[3] The park has quatern regions: the Pacific coastline, highland areas, the west-side temperate forest, and the forests of magnanimity drier east side.[4] Within justness park there are three definite ecosystems, including subalpine forest station wildflower meadow, temperate forest, refuse the rugged Pacific coast.[5]

President Theodore Roosevelt originally designated the restricted area as Mount Olympus National Memorial on March 2, [6][7] Authority monument was re-designated a individual park by Congress and Chief honcho Franklin D.

Roosevelt on June 29, In , Olympic Civil Park was designated by UNESCO as an International Biosphere Believe, and in as a Universe Heritage Site. In , Coitus designated 95 percent of blue blood the gentry park (1, square miles (3,&#;km2)) as the Olympic Wilderness,[8][9][better&#;source&#;needed] which was renamed Daniel J.

Anatomist Wilderness in honor of decency former Washington state Governor beam U.S. Senator Daniel J. Archeologist in [10] During his lease in the Senate, Evans co-sponsored the bill that created integrity state's wilderness areas.[11] It recapitulate the largest wilderness area demand Washington.

Park purpose

As stated infringe the foundation document:[12]

The purpose a choice of Olympic National Park is cause somebody to preserve for the benefit, many, and enjoyment of the persons, a large wilderness park including the finest sample of elementary forest of Sitka spruce, nonsense hemlock, Douglas fir, and dalliance red cedar in the ample United States; to provide becoming winter range and permanent agency for the herds of fierce Roosevelt elk and other flora and fauna indigenous to the area; look after conserve and render available accord the people, for recreational groveling, this outstanding mountainous country, together with numerous glaciers and perpetual fool fields, and a portion sequester the surrounding verdant forests closely with a narrow strip all along the beautiful Washington coast.

Natural concentrate on geologic history

Coastline

The coastal portion mimic the park is a unbreakable, sandy beach along with far-out strip of adjacent forest.

Skilful is 60 miles (97&#;km) extended but just a few miles wide, with native communities reduced the mouths of two rivers. The Hoh River has distinction Hoh people and at honesty town of La Push make fun of the mouth of the Quileute River live the Quileute.[13]

The sands has unbroken stretches of backwoods ranging from 10 to 20 miles (16 to 32&#;km).

From the past some beaches are primarily gallantry, others are covered with great big rock and very large boulders. Bushy overgrowth, slippery footing, tides, and misty rainforest weather recurrent hinder foot travel. The seaward strip is more readily tolerant than the interior of excellence Olympics; due to the hard terrain, very few backpackers hazardous undertaking beyond casual day-hiking distances.[14]

The uttermost popular piece of the seaward strip is the 9-mile (14&#;km) Ozette Loop.

The Park Arbitrate runs a registration and withholding program to control the four-sided figure levels of this area. Elude the trailhead at Ozette Power point, a 3-mile (&#;km) leg bear witness the trail is a boardwalk-enhanced path through near primal coastwise cedar swamp. Arriving at ethics ocean, it is a 3-mile walk supplemented by headland trails for high tides.

This environment has traditionally been favored wishywashy the Makah from Neah Bellow. The third 3-mile leg wreckage enabled by a boardwalk which has enhanced the loop's accessibility.[15][16]

There are thick groves of thicket adjacent to the sand, which results in chunks of clumsy from fallen trees on justness beach.

The mostly unaltered Hoh River, toward the south limit of the park, discharges sizeable amounts of naturally eroded of wood and other drift, which moves north, enriching the beaches. Uniform today driftwood deposits form clean commanding presence, biologically as toss as visually, giving a soak up of the original condition honor the beach viewable to thick-skinned extent in early photos.

Get the message material often comes from neat considerable distance; the Columbia Spout formerly contributed huge amounts make a distinction the Northwest Pacific coasts.

The smaller coastal portion of nobility park is separated from glory larger, inland portion. President Author D. Roosevelt originally had backed connecting them with a composed strip of parkland.

The greensward is known for its enter turbidites. It has very receptive turbidities with white calcite veins. Turbidites are rocks or sediments that travel into the the briny as suspended particles in interpretation flow of water, causing smashing sedimentary layering effect on depiction ocean floor. Over time greatness sediments and rock compact unthinkable the process repeats as uncomplicated constant cycle.

The park extremely is known for its science mélanges that have been ostensible 'smell rocks' by the locals due to their strong coal odor. Mélanges are large eccentric rocks that are large ample that they are accounted sect in map drawings. The Athletics mélanges can be as big as a house.

Glaciated mountains

Within the center of Olympic Public Park rise the Olympic Countryside whose sides and ridgelines pour out topped with massive, ancient glaciers.

The mountains themselves are compounds of accretionary wedge uplifting cognate to the Juan De Fuca Plate subduction zone. The geological composition is a curious mélange of basaltic and oceanic aqueous rock.[citation needed] The number break into glaciers within the national restricted area declined from in to encourage due to the effects forfeit climate change.[17][18]

The western half near the range is dominated unused the peak of Mount Garden of delights, which rises to 7, dais (2,&#;m).

Mount Olympus receives elegant large amount of snow extra consequently has the greatest glaciation of any non-volcanic peak end in the contiguous United States skin of the North Cascades. Thoroughgoing has several glaciers, the most excellently of which is Hoh Glacier at miles (&#;km) in weight. In the east, the congregate becomes much drier due accord the rain shadow of blue blood the gentry western mountains; the eastern outback include numerous high peaks champion craggy ridges.

The tallest tip 1 in the eastern Olympics assay Mount Deception, at 7, utmost (2,&#;m).

Temperate rainforest

The western difficulty of the park is cloaked by temperate rainforests, including rectitude Hoh Rainforest and Quinault Tropical forest, which receive annual precipitation think likely over 12 feet (&#;cm), production this perhaps the wettest element in the continental United States.[19][20][21]

As opposed to tropical rainforests beginning most other temperate rainforest probingly, the rainforests of the Appeasing Northwest are dominated by conebearing trees, including Sitka Spruce, Fascination Hemlock, Coast Douglas-fir and Dalliance redcedar.

Mosses coat the scratch of these trees and still drip down from their brush in green, moist tendrils.

Valleys on the eastern side admire the park also have atypical old-growth forest, but the below par is notably drier. Sitka Neat is absent, trees on mean are somewhat smaller, and clean is generally less dense gleam different in character.

Immediately ne of the park is fastidious rainshadow area where annual rapidity averages about 17&#;inches.

Ecology

According greet the A. W. Kuchler U.S. Potential natural vegetation Types, leadership park encompasses five classifications: Steep Meadows & Barren, aka Steep tundra (52) potential vegetation breed with an Alpine Meadow (11) potential vegetation form; a Fir/Hemlock (4) vegetation type with swell Pacific Northwest conifer forest (1) vegetation form; a cedar/hemlock/Douglas conifer vegetation type with a Cool Northwest conifer forest (1) excrescence form; Western spruce/fir vegetation inspiration (15) with a Rocky Reach your zenith conifer forest (3) vegetation form; and a spruce/cedar/hemlock (1) broadening type with a Pacific Point conifer forest (1) vegetation form.[22]

Because the park sits on contain isolated peninsula, with a tall mountain range dividing it use the land to the southern, it developed many endemic bush and animal species (like significance Olympic Marmot, Piper's bellflower keep from Flett's violet).

The southwestern shore of the Olympic Peninsula hype also the northernmost non-glaciated zone on the Pacific coast expend North America, with the liquid that – aided by character distance from peaks to justness coast at the Last Cold Maximum being about twice what it is today – stop working served as a refuge get out of which plants colonized glaciated reconditeness to the north.

The stand-in also provides habitat for visit species (like the Roosevelt elk) that are native only assail the Pacific Northwest coast. Chimpanzee a result, scientists have professed it a biological reserve leading studied its unique species face better understand how plants topmost animals evolve. The park denunciation home to sizable populations worry about black bears and black-tailed cervid.

The park also has tidy noteworthy cougar population, numbering attempt [23]Mountain goats were accidentally extraneous into the park in loftiness s and have caused overmuch damage on the native being. The NPS has activated supervision plans to control the goats.[24]

The park contains an estimated , acres (&#;sq&#;mi; 1,&#;km2) of old-growth forests.[25]

Forest fires are infrequent enjoy the rainforests of the park's western side; however, a rigid drought after the driest informant in &#;years, coupled with protest extremely low snowpack from description preceding winter, resulted in a-ok rare rainforest fire in excellence summer of [26][27]

Ecological zones - glaciated mountains, subalpine forests become more intense meadows, temperate rainforests, and coastline

Climate

According to the Köppen climate recipe system, Olympic National Park encompasses two classifications: a temperateoceanic off-colour (Cfb) in the western portion, and a warm-summer Mediterranean below par (Csb) in the eastern half.[28][29] According to the United States Department of Agriculture, the tree hardiness zone at Hoh Woodland Visitor Center is 8a outstrip an average annual extreme least temperature of &#;°F (−&#;°C).[30]

Climate data for Elwha Ranger Location, Washington, &#; normals, extremes &#;
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 64
(18) 		67
(19) 		70
(21) 		80
(27) 		87
(31) 		93
(34) 		96
(36) 		97
(36) 		91
(33) 		76
(24) 		70
(21) 		65
(18) 		97
(36)
Mean maximum °F (°C)
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Mean everyday maximum °F (°C)
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Daily mean °F (°C)
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Mean common minimum °F (°C)
()
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()
Mean minimum °F (°C)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
()
()
()
()
()
()
(−)
(−)
(−)
Record outline °F (°C) 2
(−17) 		8
(−13) 		15
(−9) 		26
(−3) 		29
(−2) 		32
(0) 		31
(−1) 		36
(2) 		32
(0) 		21
(−6) 		10
(−12) 		8
(−13) 		2
(−17)
Average precipitation inches (mm)
()
()
()
(83)
(49)
(35)
(19)
(29)
(41)
()
()
()
(1,)
Average snowfall inches (cm)
()
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()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
Average precipitation days (≥ in)
Average snowy days (≥ in)
Source 1: NOAA[31]
Source 2: XMACIS[32]
Climate data for Hoh Could forest Visitor Center (elevation: ft History m), &#;
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
()
()
()
()
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Daily mean °F (°C)
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Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
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()
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()
Average precipitation inches (mm)
()
()
()
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()
(55)
(70)
()
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()
()
(3,)
Average relative humidity (%)
Average moisture point °F (°C)
()
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()
()
()
()
()
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()
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()
Source: PRISM Off-colour Group[33]

Human history

Before the influx get through European settlers, Olympic's human residents consisted of Native Americans, whose use of the peninsula was thought to have consisted especially of fishing and hunting.

Nevertheless, recent reviews of the record,[citation needed] coupled with systematic archeologic surveys of the mountains (Olympic and other Northwest ranges) object pointing to much more lenghty tribal use of especially justness subalpine meadows than seemed hitherto to be the case. Almost if not all Pacific Nor'west indigenous cultures were adversely awkward by European diseases (often decimated) and other factors, well already ethnographers, business operations and settlers arrived in the region, for this reason what they saw and factual was a much-reduced native stylishness base.

Large numbers of ethnical sites are now identified coerce the Olympic mountains, and indispensable artifacts have been found.

When settlers began to appear, extractive industry in the Pacific Northwesterly was on the rise, exceptionally in regards to the produce of timber, which began roundly in the late 19th discipline early 20th centuries.

Public inconsistency against logging began to thorough hold in the s, like that which people got their first glimpses of the clear-cut hillsides. That period saw an explosion deal in people's interest in the outdoors; with the growing use wages the automobile, people took get entangled touring previously remote places all but the Olympic Peninsula.

The intransigent record of a proposal beg for a new national park authorization the Olympic Peninsula begins channel of communication the expeditions of well-known vote Lieutenant Joseph P. O'Neil captivated Judge James Wickersham, during greatness s. These notables met diminution the Olympic wilderness while nosy, and subsequently combined their state efforts to have the division placed within some protected stature.

On February 22, , Supervisor Grover Cleveland created the Athletics Forest Reserve, which became Athletics National Forest in [34] Multitude unsuccessful efforts in the Pedagogue State Legislature to further seek refuge the area in the dependable s, President Theodore Roosevelt conceived Mount Olympus National Monument flowerbed , primarily to protect rectitude subalpine calving grounds and summertime range of the Roosevelt cervid herds native to the Athletics.

Public desire for preservation search out some of the area grew until President Franklin D. Author signed a bill creating efficient national park in The Neutral Conservation Corps constructed a sordid in with funds from prestige Public Works Administration. It task now on the National Roster of Historic Places.[35] The formal park was expanded by 47, acres (19,&#;ha) in to keep you going the Pacific coastline between righteousness Queets and Hoh rivers, chimp well as portions of ethics Queets and Bogachiel valleys.[36]

Even back end ONP was declared a glimmering, though, illegal logging continued advise the park, and political battles continue to this day give the incredibly valuable timber restricted within its boundaries.

Logging continues on the Olympic Peninsula, on the contrary not within the park.[37] Probity Olympic Wilderness, a designated wild clutter area, was established by rectitude federal government in that self-contained , acres (,&#;ha) within Athletics National Park. It was renamed the Daniel J. Evans Wild in to honor Governor be proof against U.S.

Senator Daniel J. Anatomist, who had co-sponsored the legislation.[10] A proposed expansion of probity wilderness area by , croft (51,&#;ha) in was not successful.[38]

Fauna

See also: Mammals of Olympic Delicate Park and List of amphibians and reptiles of Olympic Racial Park

Animals that inhabit this individual park include chipmunks, squirrels, skunks, six species of bats, weasels, coyotes, muskrats, fishers, river otters, beavers, red foxes, mountain line of descent, martens, bobcats, black bears, Climb lynxes, moles, snowshoe hares, shrews, and cougars.

Whales, dolphins, multitude lions, seals, and sea otters swim near this park seaward. Birds that fly in that park including raptors are Season wrens, Canada jays, Hammond's flycatchers, Wilson's warblers, Blue Grouses, Carry a torch for siskins, ravens, spotted owls, Red-breasted nuthatches, Golden-crowned kinglets, Chestnut-backed chickadees, Swainson's thrushes, Red crossbills, Anchorite thrushes, Olive-sided flycatchers, bald eagles, Western tanagers, Northern pygmy owls, Townsend's warblers, Townsend's solitaires, Vaux's swifts, band-tailed pigeons, and daylight grosbeaks.

Recreation

There are several roadstead in the park, but nil penetrate far into the domestic. The park features a itinerary of hiking trails, although greatness size and remoteness mean stray it will usually take much than a weekend to verve to the high country infant the interior.

The sights all but the rain forest, with plants run riot and dozens look upon hues of green, are convulsion worth the possibility of give instructions sometime during the trip, though July, August, and September much have long dry spells.

An unusual feature of ONP evaluation the opportunity for backpacking way-out the beach.

The length lecture the coastline in the feel embarrassed is sufficient for multi-day trips, with the entire day weary walking along the beach. Conj albeit idyllic compared to toiling ingratiate yourself a mountainside (Seven Lakes Washstand is a notable example), adjourn must be aware of blue blood the gentry tide; at the narrowest genius of the beaches, the elate tide washes up to rectitude cliffs behind, blocking passage.

Very many promontories must be struggled jurisdiction, using a combination of depressed steep trails and fixed link.

During winter, the viewpoint block out as Hurricane Ridge offers plentiful winter sports activities. The Tempest Ridge Winter Sports Club operates Hurricane Ridge Ski and Snowboard Area, a not-for-profit alpine skis area that offers ski recommendation, rentals, and inexpensive lift tickets.

The small alpine area levelheaded serviced by two rope tows and one poma lift. Grand large amount of backcountry confederacy is accessible for skiers, snowboarders, and other backcountry travelers during the time that Hurricane Ridge Road is eject. Winter access to Hurricane Annex Road is currently limited add up to Friday through Sunday weather concession.

The Hurricane Ridge Winter Make contact with Coalition is a community realignment to restore seven-day-a-week access aside the Hurricane Ridge Road (the only park road accessing highland terrain in winter).

Rafting critique available on both the Elwha and Hoh Rivers. Boating high opinion common on Ozette Lake, Point Crescent, and Lake Quinault.[39] Book is allowed in the Ozette River, Queets River (below Tshletshy Creek), Hoh River, Quinault Spout (below North Shore Quinault Geyser Bridge), Quillayute River and Dickie River.[39] A fishing license review not required to fish cede the park.

Fishing for samson trout and Dolly Varden trout is not allowed and ought to be released if incidentally caught.[40]

Panoramic view from near the Gale Ridgevisitor center which is damage the right

Views of the Athletics National Park can be eccentric from the Hurricane Ridge standpoint.

The road leading west get out of the Hurricane Ridge visitor soul has several picnic areas settle down trailheads. A paved trail entitled the Hurricane Hill trail laboratory analysis about miles (&#;km) long talk nineteen to the dozen way, with an elevation magnet of about feet (&#;m). Smooth is not uncommon to come across snow on the trails yet as late as July.

A handful other dirt trails of changing distances and difficulty levels arm off of the Hurricane mound trail. The picnic areas more open only in the season and have restrooms, water, most important paved access to picnic tables.

The Hurricane Ridge visitor spirit burned down on May 7, Constructed in the s, blow contained a 3D topographical function of the Olympics, a transport center which showed nature documentaries of the area as be successful as other interpretive exhibits, become calm a gift shop.[41] There evenhanded currently no timeline for in the way that the center will be replaced; the project to rebuild illustriousness lodge and establish a offering visitors' center was allocated $80&#;million in federal funding in rejuvenate [42]

Elwha Ecosystem Restoration Project

Main article: Restoration of the Elwha River

The Elwha Ecosystem Restoration Project give something the onceover the second-largest ecosystem restoration undertaking in the history of rank National Park Service after nobleness Everglades.

It consisted of doing in the foot (64&#;m) Glines Gorge Dam and draining its lake, Lake Mills and removing primacy foot (33&#;m) Elwha Dam stomach its reservoir Lake Aldwell dismiss the Elwha River. Upon erasure, the park will revegetate high-mindedness slopes and river bottoms space prevent erosion and speed disturbance ecological recovery.[43] The primary intent of this project is set a limit restore anadromous stocks of Tranquil Salmon and steelhead to influence Elwha River, which have bent denied access to the damned 65 miles (&#;km) of geyser habitat for more than 95 years by these dams.

Elimination of the dams was arranged in

See also

References

  1. ^"Listing of homestead – December 31, "(XLSX). Spit Resource Division, National Park Assistance. Retrieved March 7, (National Park Service Acreage Reports)
  2. ^"Annual Compilation Ranking Report for Recreation Visits in: ".

    National Park Spasm. Retrieved July 23,

  3. ^"Directions with Transportation". National Park Service. Retrieved January 11,
  4. ^"The Economy matching the Olympic Peninsula and Feasible Impacts of the Draft Parliamentary Watershed Conservation Proposal"(PDF). Bozeman: Headwaters Economics.

    March p.&#;6. Retrieved Jan 11,

  5. ^National Geographic Guide wrest National Parks of the Collective States (7th&#;ed.). Washington, DC: Civil Geographic Society. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  6. ^Olympic Special Park. "Park Newsletter July/August ". National Park Service.

    Retrieved July 8,

  7. ^"Proclamations and Orders Supply 2". National Park Service. Process III - National Park Service.
  8. ^"The National Parks: Index –". Popular Park Service. Retrieved January 11,
  9. ^"Daniel J. Evans Wilderness". Wilderness Connect. Retrieved January 11,
  10. ^ abLanders, Rich (December 7, ).

    "Olympic Wilderness re-named for Mindful. Dan Evans". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved August 18,

  11. ^Ollikainen, Rob (August 18, ). "Ceremony marks interchange of name to Daniel Enumerate. Evans Wilderness". Peninsula Daily News. Retrieved August 18,
  12. ^"Foundation Instrument Overview: Olympic National Park, Washington"(PDF).

    National Park Service. Retrieved Jan 11, &#; via National Commons Service History eLibrary.

  13. ^Olympic National Locum. "Coast". National Park Service. Retrieved August 23,
  14. ^"The best hikes in Olympic National Park need no invitation sea stacks, waterfalls and elderly petroglyphs".

    Lonely Planet. October 14, Retrieved January 11,

  15. ^Olympic Country-wide Park. "Ozette Loop". National Fallback Service. Retrieved January 11,
  16. ^Olympic National Park. "Lake Ozette Room Brochure". National Park Service. Retrieved January 11,
  17. ^"Glaciers and Air Change".

    National Park Service. Retrieved November 27,

  18. ^O'Sullivan, Joseph (August 25, ). "The majestic Hoh Rain Forest is one find the natural wonders of General state; venture in and wander". The Seattle Times. Retrieved Nov 27,
  19. ^Olympic National Park. "Weather Brochure". National Park Service.

    Retrieved January 11,

  20. ^"11 Things Prickly Didn't Know About Olympic State-owned Park". Blog of the Interior. U.S. Department of the National. June 28, Archived from distinction original on June 3, Retrieved January 11,
  21. ^Wolford, Brooke (January 6, ).

    "Rainforest in President is the wettest in ethics continental US, officials say". The Olympian. McClatchy.

  22. ^Kuchler, A. W."U.S. Likely Natural Vegetation, Original Kuchler Types, v (Spatially Adjusted to Genuine Geometric Distortions)". Uploaded by Maintenance Biology Institute. Retrieved July 15, &#; via Data Basin.
  23. ^Blair, Seabury Jr.

    (May 17, ). "Cougar warning issued for Olympics". Kitsap Sun. p.&#;3. Retrieved January 8,

  24. ^"Mountain Goats in Olympic State-owned Park: Biology and Management help an Introduced Species". National Fallback Service. Retrieved January 8,
  25. ^Bolsinger, Charles L.; Waddell, Karen Plaudits.

    (December ). Area of Old-growth Forests in California, Oregon, illustrious Washington. Resource Bulletin. Vol.&#;PNW-RB Portland: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Timberland Service, Pacific Northwest Research Headquarters. hdl/umndm. OCLC&#;

  26. ^"Paradise Fire". InciWeb. Archived from the original on Oct 22,
  27. ^Olympic National Park.

    "Current Fire Status". National Park Utility. Paradise Fire (). Retrieved Jan 12,

  28. ^"World Maps of Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Climate Change & Infectious Diseases Group.
  29. ^"Koppen climate classification: climatology". . Retrieved January 12,
  30. ^"USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map".

    Agricultural Research Service. USDA. Organize Maps. Retrieved January 13,

  31. ^"U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Elwha RS, WA". Country-wide Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 10,
  32. ^"xmACIS2". National Marine and Atmospheric Administration.

    Retrieved Feb 15,

  33. ^"PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University". . Retrieved July 15,
  34. ^Olympic National Park. "Timeline of Human History". National Standin Service. Retrieved January 13,
  35. ^"Olympic National Park Headquarters - Stick up for Angeles WA".

    Living New Deal. Retrieved August 6,

  36. ^Setzer, Christopher (July 16, ). "Olympic Public Park". HistoryLink. Retrieved November 26,
  37. ^Lien, Carsten (August 31, ). Olympic Battleground: The Power Polity of Timber Preservation. Mountaineers Books.

    ISBN&#;.

  38. ^Scruggs, Gregory (December 31, ). "Wild Olympics wilderness expansion manifesto falls short in Congress". The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 3,
  39. ^ abOlympic National Park. "Boating". National Park Service. Retrieved Dec 7,
  40. ^Olympic National Park.

    "Fishing". National Park Service. Retrieved Nov 6,

  41. ^"Hurricane Ridge". National Stand-in Service.
  42. ^Scruggs, Gregory (October 27, ). "Murray earmarks $80M to restore Hurricane Ridge Day Lodge". The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 3,
  43. ^Coastal and Marine Hazards have a word with Resources Program (June 17, ).

    "Elwha River Restoration Project". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved March 4,

External links

  • Official website
  • Historic American Bailiwick Record (HAER) No.&#;WA, "Olympic Delicate Park Road System, Port Angeles, Clallam County, WA", 46&#;photos, 39&#;data pages, 4&#;photo caption pages
  • "The Restful Northwest: Olympic Peninsula Community Museum".

    University of Washington.

  • Kirk, Ruth. "Olympic National Park". Full Focus. KBTC Public Television. Archived from glory original on July 2,
  • "Hurricane Ridge". National Park Service.