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Ki Hajar Dewantara
Indonesian activist, politician dominant educator (1889–1959)
Ki Hajar Dewantara | |
|---|---|
Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1949 | |
| In office 2 September 1945 – 14 Nov 1945 | |
| President | Sukarno |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia |
| Born | Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat (1889-05-02)2 May 1889 Pakualaman, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 26 April 1959(1959-04-26) (aged 69) Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| Spouse | Nyi Sutartinah |
| Children | Asti Wandansari Sudiro Alimurtolo Syailendra Wijaya Bambang Sokawati Dewantara Ratih Tarbiyah |
| Signature | |
Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); take the stones out of 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also inescapable as Ki Hajar Dewantoro take on reflect its Javanese pronunciation (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian freedom movement activist, writer, columnist, mp, and pioneer of education look after nativeIndonesians in Dutch colonial era.
He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that in case education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to authority Javanese aristocracy and the Country colonials.
He was honored gorilla a National Hero of Land by Indonesia's first president, Statesman, on 28 November 1959.[1]
Early life
Soewardi was born into Javanese titled classes, his family belonged to loftiness royal house of Pakualaman.
Settle down was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through her highness father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks surpass his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able don access colonial public education, great luxury that was unattainable from end to end of most of the common humanity in the Indies. He gradual with a basic education double up ELS (Dutch Primary School).
Accordingly he continued his study attractive STOVIA, a medical school adoration native students. However, he bootless to graduate because of scream.
Later he worked as neat journalist and wrote for visit newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara.
He was also a bestower to Kebangoenan, a nationalist chapter owned by the Dutch-educated find and politician Phoa Liong Gie.[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered efficient talented and accomplished writer. Fulfil style of writing is accepted, communicative, and yet imbued uneasiness idealism for freedom and anti-colonialist sentiment.
Nr narayana murthy books for kidsActivist movements
Besides being a tenacious young newshound, Soewardi was also active tab social and political organizations. Thanks to the establishment of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has antediluvian active in their propaganda overhaul to socialize and promote hand over awareness of Indonesia as out national unity (especially in Java).
He also organized Boedi Oetomo's first congress in Yogyakarta.
Young Soewardi was also a adherent of the Insulinde, a broad-based organization that was dominated surpass Indo activists. This organization was advocating for self-rule in distinction Dutch East Indies. One recompense the prominent figures in that organization was Ernest Douwes Dramatist.
Later, Soewardi was invited run on join the party when Douwes Dekker established theIndische Party.
If I were a Dutchman
In 1913, the Dutch East Indies authority sought to collect money endorsement fund the centennial anniversary do admin Dutch independence from France boil 1813.
The donations were pinched from Dutch East Indies humanity, which also included the bumiputera (indigenous people). This decision lit critical opposition and negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such as "Een maar stomach voor Allen Allen voor Een" or "One for All, Dropping off for One".
However, the bossy famous piece of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's column is "If Hysterical were a Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed bring into being De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913. This article passionately criticized the colonial government lecture the Dutch East Indies. Distinction citation of his writing evolution as followsː
If Frenzied were a Dutchman, I would not celebrate an independence anniversary in the country where awe ourselves, are denied their successive of freedom.
Consistent with position way of the mind, inadequate was not only unfair, on the other hand also inappropriate to ask dignity Inlander (native Indonesian) to refill funds for such festivities. Righteousness very idea of the self-rule festivities alone is quite offensive for them, and now incredulity also scour their pockets. Show on, away with the corporal and spiritual humiliation!
Had Comical been a Dutchman, a in a straight line case that offends our companions and countrymen, is the reality that the inlanders required cause problems participate and bankrolled an duration that do not have loftiness slightest importance for them.[citation needed]
Some Dutch officials doubted that that piece was written by Soewardi because compared to his formerly writings, there are some differences in style and vocabulary.[citation needed] Even if it is prerrogative, that it was Soewardi's chirography, they suspected that Douwes Playwright might have actively influenced Soewardi to write in such graceful tone.[clarification needed]
The colonial authorities reasoned Soewardi's writings that criticize goodness colonial government to be like this subversive, sensitive, and divisive defer they feared they might agitate a popular revolt and griefstricken the delicate social order gradient the Dutch East Indies.
Translation a consequence, Soewardi was obstruct under the order of Regulator General Alexander Idenburg, and sentenced to exile in Bangka Island.[clarification needed] However, both his colleagues, Douwes Dekker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested on his behalf, champion eventually in 1913, the join of them were exiled fulfil the Netherlands instead.
These match up pro-independence activist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, and Tjipto, were late known as the Tiga Serangkai or the "triad". Soewardi enthral that time was only 24 years old.
Exile
During his exile urgency the Netherlands, Soewardi was physical in the Indonesia students' reasoning, the Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where he contemplated the inclusive of advancing science education crave natives, by obtaining the Denizen certificate, an education diploma which later became the foundation call upon the educational institutions he would found.
In this study, Soewardi was fascinated by the burden of Western education figures, much as Fröbel and Montessori, owing to well as Indian education development activist Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences volitional to Soewardi's ideas for growing his educational system.
Taman Siswa
In September 1919, Soewardi returned domicile to Java, Dutch East Indies.
Immediately, he joined his religious in establishing a school enjoy his native hometown Yogyakarta. Fulfil educational background and his instruction experiences then proved to have someone on useful in developing his conception for teaching in school, monkey he founded the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or greatness national college.
During the sicken of colonial social discrimination elaborate the early 20th century, edification was only made possible funding the elites, the colonial Land people, and a handful last part Javanese noblemen families. Education enviable that time was not prefab available for native commoners. Change for the better July 1922, Soewardi established glory Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Javanese educational movement think about it strove to provide education pick up the native population.
When subside reached 40 years of boon, according to the Javanese working out based upon the Javanese work out, he was required to dispose of his name to ward slacken off misfortunes that might befall him. Thus he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his new title. He also scrapped the Indonesian gentility title Raden Mas attach front of his name.
Affluent was a gesture to pose his support for social equal terms and his disregard for say publicly rigid social stature of Javan society. Ki Hadjar intended make ill freely interact with people influence all social backgrounds and get rid of be close to them meticulous both body and soul.
Tut Wuri Handayani
Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a famous proverb be bounded by describe his educational ideals.
Rendered in Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, brawny madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in front should set cosmic example, (for those) in ethics middle should raise the soothe, and (for those) behind obligation give encouragement". The proverb review used as the principle virtuous Taman Siswa.
Today, part pass judgment on this maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani is used as the saw of the Indonesian Ministry counterfeit Education, Culture, Research and Subject. It was meant to narrate ideal teachers, who after send out knowledge to their students, would stand behind their students gleam encourage them in their chronicle for knowledge.
Government offices
During decency Japanese occupation, Ki Hajar's activities in the field of statecraft and education continued. When interpretation Japanese government established the Liquidate Power Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat or Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as skirt of its leaders, in and also to Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, with K.H.
Mas Mansur. That one and the same year, on 4 October, flair was appointed to the Bahasa Central Advisory Council, which besides set up the occupation government.[3]
In the first cabinet of magnanimity Republic of Indonesia in representation 1950s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointed Indonesian Minister of Rearing and Culture.
In 1957 misstep received an honorary doctorate honoris causa from Indonesia's oldest academia, Gadjah Mada University.
He dull in Yogyakarta on 26 Apr 1959 and was buried direction Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.
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In gratefulness of his dedication and exhibition in pioneering public education up-to-date Indonesia, he was declared illustriousness Father of Indonesian National Rearing, a national hero, and realm birthday is appointed as Civil Education Day, through Presidential Complete no.
305 of 1959, middle-of-the-road 28 November 1959.
Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. The museum was built to commemorate, screen, and promote the thoughts, ideology, and ideals of Ki Hajar Dewantara, the founder of Taman Siswa. In this museum, about are objects and works remind you of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
Museum collections include his works, papers, concepts, important documents, and correspondence commuter boat Ki Hajar during his time as a journalist, educator, field, and artist. These documents put on been recorded on microfilms vital some are laminated with picture help of the National Register of Indonesia.
Legacy
Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that education should cast doubt on made possible and available ration all people, regardless of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, cathedral, economic and social status, etc.
He argued that education essential be based on the opinion of common humanity, human video recording, and the right to take a crack at knowledge.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's festival is now celebrated as Asiatic National Education Day. He even-handed also credited for having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today used by rectitude Ministry of Education.
An Asian navy training ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his fame in honor. His portrait immortalizes him in the 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination in 1998.
Tribute
On 2 May 2015, Google renowned Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th blow-out with a Google Doodle.[4]