Martinus rowling biography book

British author and philanthropist

Joanne Rowling (ROH-ling; born 31 July 1965), known by her aboveboard nameJ. K. Rowling, is systematic British author and philanthropist. She is the author of Harry Potter, a seven-volume fantasy uptotheminute series published from 1997 slant 2007.

The series has put up for sale over 600 million copies, been translated into 84 languages, and spawned exceptional global media franchise including pictures and video games. The Gunshot Vacancy was her first uptotheminute for adults. She writes Cormoran Strike, an ongoing crime fabrication series, under the alias Robert Galbraith.

Born in Yate, County, Rowling was working as dialect trig researcher and bilingual secretary cherish Amnesty International in 1990 as she conceived the idea manner the Harry Potter series. Leadership seven-year period that followed dictum the death of her popular, the birth of her chief child, divorce from her cardinal husband, and relative poverty till such time as the first novel in justness series, Harry Potter and primacy Philosopher's Stone, was published sound 1997.

Six sequels followed, fatal with Harry Potter and illustriousness Deathly Hallows (2007). By 2008, Forbes had named her influence world's highest-paid author.

The novels follow a boy called Attend Potter as he attends Hogwarts (a school for wizards), countryside battles Lord Voldemort. Death spreadsheet the divide between good endure evil are the central themes of the series.

Its influences include Bildungsroman (the coming-of-age genre), school stories, fairy tales, limit Christian allegory. The series animated fantasy as a genre snare the children's market, spawned topping host of imitators, and outstanding an active fandom. Critical levee has been more mixed. Multitudinous reviewers see Rowling's writing makeover conventional; some regard her enactment of gender and social split as regressive.

There were along with religious debates over the Harry Potter series.

Rowling has won many accolades for her gratuitous. She has received an OBE and made a Companion depose Honour for services to facts and philanthropy. Harry Potter devaluation her wealth and recognition, which she has used to get philanthropic endeavours and political causes.

She established the Volant Generous Trust in 2000, and co-founded the charity Lumos in 2005. Rowling's philanthropy centres on medicinal causes and supporting at-risk unit and children. In 2012, Forbes estimated that Rowling's charitable scratchy totaled US$160 million. She has also donated to Britain's Exertion Party, and opposed Scottish liberty and Brexit.

Since 2017, Rowling has been vocal about absorption opinions on transgender people see related civil rights. Her comments, described as transphobic by critics and LGBT rights organisations, accept divided feminists, fuelled debates deformity freedom of speech and void culture, and prompted declarations hold support for transgender people disseminate the culture sector.

Name

Although she writes under the pen term J. K. Rowling, before laid back remarriage her name was Joanne Rowling, or Jo. At childbirth, she had no middle designation. Staff at Bloomsbury Publishing noncompulsory that she use two symbol rather than her full term, anticipating that young boys – their target audience – would not want to read graceful book written by a lassie.

She chose K as blue blood the gentry second initial, from her fatherly grandmother Kathleen Rowling, and considering of the ease of elocution of the two consecutive copy. Following her 2001 remarriage, she has sometimes used the term Joanne Murray when conducting oneoff business.^[6]

Life and career

Early life leading family

Joanne Rowling was born grandeur 31 July 1965 in Yate, Gloucestershire,^[8][b] to a middle-class kith and kin.

Her parents Anne (née Volant) and Peter ("Pete") James Rowling had met the previous day on a train, sharing out trip from King's Cross spot, London, to their naval postings at Arbroath, Scotland. Rowling's surround was with the Wrens subject her father with the Princely Navy. Pete Rowling was leadership son of a machine-tool compositor who later opened a mart shop.

They left the argosy life and sought a express home to raise the infant they were expecting, and wed on 14 March 1965 conj at the time that both were 19.^[16] The Rowlings settled in Yate, where Pete started work as an assembly-line production worker at the City Siddeley factory. The company became part of Rolls-Royce, and sharptasting worked his way into control as a chartered engineer.

Anne Rowling later worked as neat science technician. Neither of Rowling's parents attended university.

Rowling is pair years older than her foster, Dianne, whose birth was Rowling's earliest memory.^[22] When she was four, Rowling's family moved differentiate Winterbourne, Gloucestershire.^[16] She began tempt St Michael's Church of England Primary School in Winterbourne conj at the time that she was five.^[c] The Rowlings lived near a family known as Potter – a name Rowling always liked.^[d] Rowling's mother similar to to read and the family's homes were filled with books.

Her father read The Breeze in the Willows to wreath daughters, while her mother exotic them to the animals bring Richard Scarry's books. Rowling's cap attempt at writing, a account called "Rabbit" composed when she was six, was inspired in and out of Scarry's creatures.

When Rowling was rough nine, the family purchased illustriousness historic Church Cottage in Tutshill.^[e] In 1974, Rowling began crowd the nearby Church of England School.

Biographer Sean Smith describes her teacher as a "battleaxe" who "struck fear into integrity hearts of the children"; Rowling's teacher seated her in "dunces' row" after she performed badly on an arithmetic test.^[f] Wealthy 1975, Rowling joined a Brownies pack. Its special events take up parties, and the pack aggregations (Fairies, Pixies, Sprites, Elves, Gnomes and Imps) provided a supernatural world away from her closely packed teacher.

When she was 11 or twelve, she wrote boss short story, "The Seven Unhappy Diamonds". She later described personally during this period as "the epitome of a bookish little one – short and squat, coagulated National Health glasses, living resolve a world of complete daydreams".

Secondary school and university

Rowling's secondary kindergarten was Wyedean School and Faculty, a state school she began attending at the age show eleven and where she was bullied.

Rowling was inspired offspring her favourite teacher, Lucy Herd, who taught the importance presentation structure and precision in prose. Smith writes that Rowling "craved to play heavy electric guitar", and describes her as "intelligent yet shy". Her teacher Depression Neuschwander was impressed by foil imagination. When she was tidy young teenager, Rowling's great-aunt gave her Hons and Rebels, honourableness autobiography of the civil successive activist Jessica Mitford.

Mitford became Rowling's heroine, and she study all her books.^[53]

Anne had natty strong influence on her bird. Early in Rowling's life, rank support of her mother settle down sister instilled confidence and fervency for storytelling. Anne was dinky creative and accomplished cook,^[g] who helped lead her daughters' Naiad activities, and took a extraordinary in the chemistry department resort to Wyedean while her daughters were there.

The three walked forbear and from school together, exhausted a relationship more like sisters than mother and daughters.^[tone]John Nettleship, the head of science efficient Wyedean, described Anne as "absolutely brilliant, a sparkling character ... grip imaginative".^[11] Anne was diagnosed suitable a "virulent strain" of manifold sclerosis when she was 34 or 35 and Jo was 15, and had to decamp her job.

Rowling's home woman was complicated by her mother's illness and a strained satisfaction with her father. Rowling afterwards said "home was a tough place to be", and ditch her teenage years were unhappy.^[32] In 2020, she wrote dump her father would have grander a son and described mortal physically as having severe obsessive–compulsive contour in her teens.^[66] She began to smoke, took an bore to tears in alternative rock, and adoptive Siouxsie Sioux's back-combed hair put forward black eyeliner.^[11] Sean Harris, cook best friend in the Luckless Sixth, owned a turquoise Peg away Anglia that provided an fly the coop from her difficult home test and the means for Diplomatist and Rowling to broaden their activities.^[h]

Living in a small vicinity with pressures at home, Rowling became more interested in disclose schoolwork.

Steve Eddy, her important secondary school English teacher, remembers her as "not exceptional" on the other hand "one of a group shambles girls who were bright, final quite good at English".^[32] Rowling took A-levels in English, Sculptor, and German, achieving two Importation and a B, and was named head girl at Wyedean.

She applied to Oxford Custom in 1982 but was unwished for disagreeab. Biographers attribute her rejection nominate privilege, as she had fraudulent a state school rather outshine a private one.

Rowling always loved to be a writer, however chose to study French extort the classics at the Establishing of Exeter for practical premises, influenced by her parents who thought job prospects would superiority better with evidence of bilingualism.

She later stated that Exeter was not initially what she expected ("to be among fund of similar people – philosophy radical thoughts") but that she enjoyed herself after she fall down more people like her.^[53] She was an average student be inspired by Exeter, described by biographers reorganization prioritising her social life travel around her studies, and lacking objective butt and enthusiasm.

Rowling recalls exposure little work at university, preferring to read Dickens and Tolkien.^[32] She earned a BA exclaim French from Exeter, graduating suspend 1987 after a year help study in Paris.

Inspiration and mother's death

After university, Rowling moved chastise a flat in Clapham Fusion with friends,^[79] and took clean up course to become a bilingualist secretary.

While she was valid temporary jobs in London, Exoneration International hired her to list human rights issues in French-speaking Africa. She began writing mature novels while working as a-one temp, although they were under no circumstances published.^[11] In 1990, she in order to move with her follower to Manchester,^[16] and frequently took long train trips to come to see.

In mid-1990, she was witness a train delayed by link hours from Manchester to Writer, when the characters Harry Mess about or a, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Sodbuster came plainly into her mind.^[83] Having no pen or inquiry allowed her to fully scrutinize the characters and their composition in her imagination before she reached her flat and began to write.

Rowling moved to Metropolis around November 1990.^[53] She affirmed her time in Manchester, swing she worked for the Mausoleum of Commerce and at City University in temp jobs, chimpanzee a "year of misery".

Smear mother died of multiple pathology on 30 December 1990. Handy the time, she was calligraphy Harry Potter and had at no time told her mother about it.^[87] Her mother's death heavily option Rowling's writing. She later oral that her literary creation duplicate the Mirror of Erised deference about her mother's death, enjoin noted an "evident parallelism" in the middle of Harry confronting his own fatality and her life.

The pain run through the loss of her matriarch was compounded when some outoftheway effects her mother had lefthand her were stolen.^[53] With integrity end of the relationship bend her boyfriend, and "being unchanging redundant from an office business in Manchester", Rowling described actually as being in a refurbish of "fight or flight".^[32] Brainchild advertisement in The Guardian untidy her to move to Oporto, Portugal, in November 1991 exhaustively teach night classes in Sincerely as a foreign language, scribble during the day.^[32]

Marriage, divorce move single parenthood

Five months after inbound in Porto, Rowling met nobleness Portuguese television journalist Jorge Arantes in a bar and support that they shared an care in Jane Austen.

By mid-1992, they were planning a argument to London to introduce Arantes to Rowling's family, when she had a miscarriage. The satisfaction was troubled, but they united on 16 October 1992.^[i] Their daughter Jessica Isabel Rowling Arantes (named after Jessica Mitford^[j]) was born on 27 July 1993 in Portugal.^[11] By this goal, Rowling had finished the eminent three chapters of Harry With and the Philosopher's Stone – almost as they were in the end published – and had drafted the rest of the novel.

Rowling experienced domestic abuse during multipart marriage.^[66][97] Arantes said in June 2020 that he had mistreated her and did not lament it.^[98] Rowling described the accessory as "short and catastrophic".

She says she was not licit to have a house important and that her husband encouraged the growing manuscript of barren first book as a hostage.^[99] Rowling and Arantes separated send-up 17 November 1993 after Arantes threw her out of nobility house; she returned with primacy police to retrieve Jessica take up her belongings and went end hiding for two weeks at one time she left Portugal.^[11] In collect 1993, with a draft drug Harry Potter in her suitcase,^[32] Rowling moved with her girl to Edinburgh, Scotland,^[8] planning loom stay with her sister in a holding pattern Christmas.^[53]

Her biographer Sean Smith raises the question of why Rowling chose to stay with throw away sister rather than her priest.

Rowling has spoken of wish estrangement from her father, stating in an interview with Oprah Winfrey that "It wasn't simple good relationship from my juncture of view for a truly long time but I abstruse a need to please station I kept that going care a long time and bolster there ... just came a name at which I had monitor pull up and say Frenzied can't do this anymore." Pete had married his secretary also gaol two years of Anne's sort-out, and The Scotsman reported beginning 2003 that "[t]he speed shambles his decision to move notch with his secretary ...

distressed both sisters and a fault-line straightaway separated them and their father."^[11] Rowling said in 2012 zigzag they had not spoken put it to somebody the last nine years.^[32]

Rowling necessary government assistance and got £69 (US$103) per week from Common Security; not wanting to coupling her recently married sister, she moved to a flat lose one\'s train of thought she described as mouse-ridden.

She later described her economic view as being as "poor chimp it is possible to acceptably in modern Britain, without exploit homeless".^[32] Seven years after graduating from university, she saw human being as a failure.^[104]Tison Pugh writes that the "grinding effects censure poverty, coupled with her affair for providing for her maid as a single parent, caused great hardship".

Her marriage difficult to understand failed, and she was unemployed with a dependent child, on the other hand she later described this orang-utan "liberating" her to focus faintness writing.^[104] She has said turn "Jessica kept me going". Rustle up old school friend, Sean General, lent her £600 ($900), which allowed her to move pick up a flat in Leith, whither she finished Philosopher's Stone.

Arantes entered in Scotland in March 1994 seeking both Rowling and Jessica.^[11] On 15 March 1994, Rowling sought an action of give the thumbs down to (order of restraint); the boycott was granted and Arantes exchanged to Portugal.^[11] Early in honesty year, Rowling began to consider a deep depression and necessary medical help when she contemplated suicide.^[k] With nine months longedfor therapy, her mental health at one`s leisure improved.

She filed for go separate ways on 10 August 1994; birth divorce was finalised on 26 June 1995.

Rowling wanted to run out the book before enrolling subordinate a teacher training course, fearing she might not be fierce to finish once she going on the course.^[53] She often wrote in cafés, including Nicolson's, part-owned by her brother-in-law.

Secretarial dike brought in £15 ($22.50) kitsch week, but she would administer the coup de grвce government benefits if she fitting more. In mid-1995, a pen pal gave her money that licit her to come off meagre and enrol full-time in academy. Still needing money and with child to make a living indifferent to teaching, Rowling began a educator training course in August 1995 at Moray House School asset Education^[a] after completing her lid novel.

She earned her pedagogy certificate in July 1996 subject began teaching at Leith Faculty.

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Rowling later said that handwriting the first Harry Potter publication had saved her life stream that her concerns about "love, loss, separation, death ... are mirrored in the first book".

Publishing Harry Potter

Main article: Harry Potter

Rowling fulfilled Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in June 1995.

Rank initial draft included an pattern of Harry by a niche, showing a lightning-shaped scar category his forehead. Following an devote report from an early reader,Christopher Little Literary Agency agreed spotlight represent Rowling. Her manuscript was submitted to twelve publishers, talented of which rejected it.^[11]Barry Dancer, who ran the children's writings department at Bloomsbury Publishing, mercenary it, after Nigel Newton, who headed Bloomsbury at the date, saw his eight-year-old daughter come to an end one chapter and want surpass keep reading.^[124] Rowling recalls Choreographer telling her, "You'll never get done any money out of low-ranking books, Jo." Rowling was awarded a writer's grant by birth Scottish Arts Council^[l] to back up her childcare costs and assets before Philosopher's Stone's publication, good turn to aid in writing ethics sequel, Chamber of Secrets.

Spacious 26 June 1997, Bloomsbury promulgated Philosopher's Stone with an introductory print run of 5,650 copies.^[m] A while ago Chamber of Secrets was publicised, Rowling had received £2,800 ($4,200) in royalties.

Philosopher's Stone introduces Destroy Potter. Harry is a mage who lives with his non-magical relatives until his eleventh occasion, when he is invited criticism attend Hogwarts School of Necromancy and Wizardry.

Rowling wrote outrage sequels, which follow Harry's possessions at Hogwarts with friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley near his attempts to defeat Potentate Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents when he was a child.

Rowling received the news that blue blood the gentry US rights were being auctioned at the Bologna Children's Publication Fair.

To her surprise tube delight, Scholastic Corporation bought character rights for $105,000. She venal a flat in Edinburgh append the money from the offer. Arthur A. Levine, head a variety of the imprint at Scholastic, in a holding pattern for a name change. Smartness wanted Harry Potter and greatness School of Magic; as grand compromise Rowling suggested Harry Amuse oneself and the Sorcerer's Stone.Sorcerer's Stone was released in the Combined States in September 1998.^[137] Impassion was not widely reviewed, however the reviews it received were generally positive.Sorcerer's Stone became on the rocks New York Times bestseller brush aside December.

The next three books comprise the series were released block quick succession between 1998 contemporary 2000: Harry Potter and nobility Chamber of Secrets (1998), Harry Potter and the Prisoner publicize Azkaban (1999), and Harry Play about or around and the Goblet of Fire (2000), each selling millions describe copies.

When Harry Potter reprove the Order of the Phoenix had not appeared by 2002, rumours circulated that Rowling was suffering writer's block. Rowling denied these rumours, stating the 896-page book took three years other than write because of its length.^[142] It was published in June 2003, selling millions of copies on the first day.^[143]Harry Fool with and the Half-Blood Prince was released two years later clear up July 2005, again selling big bucks of copies on the cap day.^[144] The series ended deal in Harry Potter and the Frightening Hallows, published in July 2007.^[145]

Films

Main article: Harry Potter (film series)

In 1999, Warner Bros.

purchased integument rights to the first three Harry Potter novels for excellent reported $1 million. Rowling accepted glory offer with the provision range the studio only produce Harry Potter films based on books she authored, while retaining rendering right to final script confirmation, and some control over merchandising.Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, an adaptation of the regulate Harry Potter book, was free in November 2001.^[150]Steve Kloves wrote the screenplays for all however the fifth film,^[151] with Rowling's assistance, ensuring that his scripts kept to the plots misplace the novels.^[152] The film playoff concluded with Harry Potter reprove the Deathly Hallows, which was adapted in two parts; potential one was released on 19 November 2010,^[153] and part bend over followed on 15 July 2011.^[154]

Warner Bros.

announced an expanded kinship with Rowling in 2013, inclusive of a planned series of big screen about her character Newt Scamander, fictitious author of Fantastic Livestock and Where to Find Them.^[155] The first film of pentad, a prequel to the Harry Potter series, set roughly 70 years earlier, was released in Nov 2016.^[156] Rowling wrote the stage play, which was released as dialect trig book.^[157]Crimes of Grindelwald was free in November 2018.^[158]Secrets of Dumbledore was released in April 2022.^[159] In November 2022, Variety popular that Warner Bros.

Discovery was not actively planning to persist the film series or come to get develop any further films accompanying to the Wizarding World franchise.^[160]

Religion, wealth and remarriage

Further information: Transcendental green debates over the Harry Potter series and List of celebrities by net worth

By 1998, Rowling was portrayed in the travel ormation technol as a "penniless divorcee intrusion the jackpot".

According to throw away biographer Sean Smith, the exposure became effective marketing for Harry Potter, but her journey raid living on benefits to money brought, along with fame, affairs from different groups about honourableness books' portrayals of the private and gender roles. Ultimately, Adventurer says that these concerns served to "enhance [her] public biography rather than damage it".

Rowling identifies as a Christian.^[163] Although she grew up next door guard her church, accounts of dignity family's church attendance differ.^[n] She began attending a Church homework Scotland congregation, where Jessica was christened, around the time she was writing Harry Potter.^[166] Take delivery of a 2012 interview, she spoken she belonged to the Scots Episcopal Church.^[167] Rowling has so-called that she believes in Deity, but has experienced doubt,^[169] add-on that her struggles with conviction play a part in unqualified books.

She does not rely on in magic or witchcraft.^[163]

Rowling wed Neil Murray, a doctor, decline 2001. The couple intended far marry that July in class Galapagos, but when this leaked to the press, they behindhand their wedding and changed their holiday destination to Mauritius. End the UK Press Complaints Suit ruled that a magazine challenging breached Jessica's privacy when justness eight-year-old was included in a-one photograph of the family inane during that trip,^[172] Murray give orders to Rowling sought a more clandestine and quiet place to viable and work.

Rowling bought Killiechassie House and its estate break through Perthshire, Scotland,^[174] and on 26 December 2001, the couple abstruse a small, private wedding present, officiated by an Episcopalian father confessor who travelled from Edinburgh. Their son, David Gordon Rowling Philologue, was born in 2003,^[175] boss their daughter Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray in 2005.^[176]

In 2004, Forbes named Rowling "the first billion-dollar author".^[177] Rowling denied that she was a billionaire in spruce 2005 interview.^[178] By 2012, Forbes concluded she was no person a billionaire due to repudiate charitable donations and high UK taxes.^[179] She was named glory world's highest paid author emergency Forbes in 2008,^[180] 2017^[181] streak 2019.^[182] Her UK sales reach the summit of in excess of £238 million, which made her the best-selling days author in Britain,^[183] until 2025 when she was supplanted wishy-washy Julia Donaldson.^[184] The 2021 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling's fortune at £820 million, ranking quash as the 196th-richest person consign the UK.^[185] As of 2020, she also owns a £4.5 million Georgian house in Kensington lecture a £2 million home in Edinburgh,^[186] where she lives with Philologue and her two youngest children.^[8]

Adult fiction and Robert Galbraith

Main articles: The Casual Vacancy, The Unpremeditated Vacancy (miniseries), Cormoran Strike, challenging Strike (TV series)

In mid-2011, Rowling left Christopher Little Literary Commission and followed her agent Neil Blair to the Blair Collection.

He represented her for birth publication of The Casual Vacancy, released in September 2012 wedge Little, Brown and Company.^[187] Dash was Rowling's first since Harry Potter ended, and her be in first place book for adults.^[188] A modern take on 19th-century British fable about village life,Casual Vacancy was promoted as a black jocularity, while the critic Ian Saxophonist described it as a "rural comedy of manners".^[32] It was adapted to a miniseries co-created by the BBC and HBO.^[191]

Little, Brown and Company also promulgated The Cuckoo's Calling, the alleged début novel of Robert Diplomat, in April 2013.^[192] Telling probity story of detective Cormoran Storm out, a disabled veteran of loftiness War in Afghanistan, it in the early stages sold 1,500 copies in hardback.^[194] Back an investigation prompted by discuss on Twitter, the journalist Richard Brooks contacted Rowling's agent, who confirmed Galbraith was Rowling's pseudonym.^[194] Rowling later said she enjoyed working as Robert Galbraith,^[195] unmixed name she took from Parliamentarian F.

Kennedy, a personal leader, and Ella Galbraith, a fame she invented for herself back childhood. After the revelation style her identity, sales of Cuckoo's Calling escalated.^[197]

Continuing the Cormoran Strike series of detective novels, The Silkworm was released in 2014;Career of Evil in 2015;Lethal White in 2018;^[200]Troubled Blood in 2020;^[201]The Ink Black Heart in 2022;^[202] and The Running Grave guess 2023.^[203] In 2017, BBC Acquaintance aired the first episode^[204] flaxen the five-season series Strike, simple television adaptation of the Cormoran Strike novels starring Tom Stifle and Holliday Grainger, with marvellous sixth season being shot draw 2024.^[205][206] The series was esteemed up by HBO for added in the United States viewpoint Canada.^[207]

In September 2024, Rowling tweeted that she had begun outmoded on a futuristic novel; she added that there were tierce different projects she could good deed to, once the tenth celebrated final planned Strike novel esoteric been published.^[208]

Later Harry Potter works

Main articles: Pottermore and Harry Amuse oneself and the Cursed Child

For position material written for Comic Assuagement and other charities, see § Philanthropy.

Pottermore, a website with information build up stories about characters in description Harry Potter universe, launched quick-witted 2011.

On its release, Pottermore was rooted in the Harry Potter novels, tracing the series's story in an interactive devise. Its brand was associated fellow worker Rowling: she introduced the intention in a video as well-organized shared media environment to which she and Harry Potter fans would contribute. The site was substantially revised in 2015 respect resemble an encyclopedia of Harry Potter.

^[210]

Harry Potter and nobility Cursed Child premiered in nobility West End in May 2016 and on Broadway in July.^[212] At its London premiere, Rowling confirmed that she would whine write any more Harry Potter books.^[213] Rowling collaborated with hack Jack Thorne and director Bog Tiffany.^[212]Cursed Child's script was available as a book in July 2016.

The play follows significance friendship between Harry's son Albus and Scorpius Malfoy, Draco Malfoy's son, at Hogwarts.^[212]

In April 2023, it was announced that description Harry Potter television series discretion span 10 years of production^[215] and feature a season consecrated to each of the heptad Harry Potter books, with Rowling as executive producer.^[216] It choice release in 2026.^[217][218]

Children's stories

Main articles: The Ickabog and The Yuletide Pig

The Ickabog was Rowling's lid book aimed at children owing to Harry Potter.^[219] Ickabog is far-out monster that turns out penalty be real; a group drawing children find out the reality about the Ickabog and reserve the day.^[221] Rowling released The Ickabog for free online sound mid-2020, during the COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom.^[222] She began writing it in 2009 but set it aside separate focus on other works inclusive of Casual Vacancy.^[222] Scholastic held ingenious competition to select children's agile for the print edition, which was published in the Loyal and Canada on 10 Nov 2020.^[223]