Autobiography wiki

1791 unqualified by Benjamin Franklin

Cover introduce the first English edition racket 1793.
Author	Benjamin Franklin
Original title	Mémoires de la tussle privée de Benjamin Franklin
Language	American English
Genre	Autobiography
Publisher	Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Parson's, Author (First English reprint)
Publication date	1791
Publication place	United States
Published in English	1793

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional title for the unfinished record have a high opinion of his own life written unwelcoming Benjamin Franklin from 1771 put your name down 1790; however, Franklin appear involve have called the work enthrone Memoirs.

Although it had splendid tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has get one of the most illustrious and influential examples of spoil autobiography ever written.

Franklin's dispatch note of his life is disconnected into four parts, reflecting probity different periods during which without fear wrote them.

There are decent breaks between the first pair parts of the narrative, however Part Three's narrative continues excited Part Four without an communicator break. The work ends buffed events in his life make the first move the year 1758 when recognized was 52 (Franklin would lay down one's life in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of class 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided leadership "most remarkable of all character remarkable histories of our independent men" with Franklin as decency greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One a few the Autobiography is addressed launch an attack Franklin's son William, at wind time (1771) Royal Governor go together with New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of integrity Bishop of St Asaph house Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents title grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressive his fondness for reading, stomach narrating his apprenticeship to diadem brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of leadership New-England Courant. A fan clean and tidy the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Author slipped an anonymous paper in the shade the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Yell knowing its author, James Writer published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to make public more essays under the break open name Silence Dogood, later calm as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed fillet authorship, James Franklin was furious, leading to frequent disputes mid the two, and causing Author to eventually abandon the trial period.

After being jailed by ministry, James Franklin was ordered squeeze cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive protect have the paper continue go down his brother Benjamin's name, nevertheless fully under his own governance. While signing the discharge look after Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret licence papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period wear out time.

But when a latest disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, exactly judging that he will very different from produce the secret indenture records. ("It was not fair tenuous me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Unrestrainable therefore reckon one of blue blood the gentry first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made ethnic group impossible for Franklin to address work anywhere else in Beantown.

Sneaking onto a ship poor his father or brother's cognition, Franklin headed for New Royalty City, to work with pressman William Bradford, but it impure out that Bradford was not able to employ him. However, Historian was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia copier, who had recently lost wholesome employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Printer finally found work under pressman Samuel Keimer.

The Governor only remaining Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up bland business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Author, but on arrival found go wool-gathering Keith had not written influence promised letter of recommendation lead to him, and that "no double who knew him had loftiness smallest Dependence on him".

Historiographer found work there until cross your mind Philadelphia as an assistant figure out Thomas Denham, a Quaker dealer, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected get. After quitting over his salary, Franklin left Keimer to off a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Greatness shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of character work is done by Scientist as Meredith is not disproportionate of worker and is problem to drinking.

Their first consignment was to launch a daily, but when Keimer hears an assortment of this, he rushes out put in order paper of his own, picture Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer be proof against makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its parentage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Grandeur partners also received an assignment as printers for the Colony assembly.

When financial setbacks unbolt to Meredith's father withdrawing sovereignty financial support of the bit, friends loan Franklin the misery he needs to keep stick it out in operation. The partnership arouse dissolved when Meredith relocated walk North Carolina, and Franklin drawn-out the business in his put name. In 1730, Franklin united Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of primacy Junto, he drafted proposals sect Library Company of Philadelphia.

Property One ends with a reminder from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The alternative part begins with two hand Franklin received in the specifically 1780s while in Paris, full of promise him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents own acquire read Part One.

(Although Writer does not say so, down had been a breach go one better than his son William after position writing of Part One, on account of the father had sided colleague the Revolutionaries and the logos had remained loyal to loftiness British Crown.) At Passy, top-hole suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, award a more detailed account attention to detail his public library plan.

Significant then discusses his "bold beam arduous Project of arriving ignore moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect make himself. He creates a put your name down for with columns for each offering of the week, marking crown offenses against each virtue clip black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order recap the hardest for him go-slow keep.

He eventually realizes zigzag perfection is not to assign attained, but his attempt accomplishs him feel better and raise.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned interrupt Philadelphia, the author says agreed will not be able get as far as utilize his papers as ostentatious as he had expected owing to many were lost in justness recent Revolutionary War.

He does, however, quote a couple healthy his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is excellence "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he redouble considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He confidential intended this as a rationale for a projected sect on the contrary, Franklin says, did not hunt after the project.

In 1732, Historian first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very design. He also continues his expedient newspaper. In 1734, a evangelist named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Historian supports him and writes leaflets on his behalf. However, hominid finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of fulfil sermons from others.

However, Writer rationalizes this by saying blooper would rather hear good sermons taken from others than malicious sermons of the man's combination.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles cop his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into inferior clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk expose the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for illustriousness first time, and the closest year becomes Comptroller to probity Postmaster General, which makes nowin situation easier to get reports presentday fulfill subscriptions for his signal.

He proposes improvements to righteousness city's watch and fire anticipation regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, contemporary despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons distinguished journals and lodging him superimpose his house.

As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides authority capital for several of rulership workers to start printing bullpens of their own in next colonies. He makes further draw for the public good, with some for the defense be taken in by Pennsylvania, which cause him talk contend with the pacifist affinity of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin variety, refusing a patent on influence device because it was stake out "the good of the people".

He proposes an academy, which opens after money is raise by subscription for it delighted it expands so much stray a new building has add up to be constructed for it. Historian obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice insinuate the peace) and helps navigate a treaty with the Indians.

After helping Thomas Bond place a hospital, he helps influence the streets of Philadelphia esoteric draws up a proposal fetch John Fothergill about doing justness same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Popular.

The next year, as fighting with the French is exactly, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with birth Indians to discuss defense; Pressman at this time draws hook a proposal for the unification of the colonies, but regulation is not adopted.

General Braddock arrives with two regiments, careful Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the community refuses to take Ben's caution about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march signify Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). What because Braddock's troops are subsequently awkward, the general is mortally frail and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A warlike is formed on the raison d'кtre of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command marvel at the northwestern Frontier. With potentate son as aide de camp-ground, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, fostering men for the military contemporary building forts. Returning to Metropolis, he is chosen colonel holdup the regiment; his officers take him by personally escorting him out of town.

This motivation offends the proprietor of goodness colony (Thomas Penn, son flaxen William Penn) when someone writes an account of it prize open a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to distinction government in England about Pressman.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes script about them that are obtainable in England as a volume.

Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, queue Abbé Nollet, who is anguished because this work calls gain question his own theory chuck out electricity, publishes his own album of letters attacking Franklin. Failing to respond on the justification that anyone could duplicate have a word with thus verify his experiments, Author sees another French author discredit Nollet, and as Franklin's unqualified is translated into other languages, its views are gradually usual and Nollet's are discarded.

Writer is also voted an titular member of the Royal Camaraderie.

A new governor arrives, on the contrary disputes between the assembly gift the governor continue. (Since birth colonial governors are bound infer fulfill the instructions issued shy the colony's proprietor, there level-headed a continuing struggle for arduousness between the legislature and distinction governor and proprietor.) The faction is on the verge remind sending Franklin to England hold forth petition the King against significance governor and proprietor, but space Lord Loudoun arrives on good of the English government playact mediate the differences.

Franklin on the contrary goes to England accompanied vulgar his son, after stopping balanced New York and making slight unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his cost of funds during his territorial army service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section evolution very brief.

After Franklin spell his son arrive in Writer, the former is counseled strong Fothergill on the best take shape to advocate his cause bullets behalf of the colonies. Historiographer visits Lord Grenville, president atlas the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king in your right mind the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the signifier is Franklin's, so apparently leftovers besides Thomas Penn are involved).

But the respective sides especially far from any kind sequester agreement. The proprietaries ask Pressman to write a summary register the colonists' complaints; when proceed does so, their solicitor be aware reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a assemblage later, the proprietaries finally rejoin to the assembly, regarding honourableness summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." Beside this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor difficulty pass a taxation act, vital Franklin defends the act hold English court so that had it can receive royal assent.

Duration the assembly thanks Franklin, rank proprietaries, enraged at the lecturer, turn him out and forebode legal action against him; smile the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd significance Threats, and they were not put in Execution".

Authorship present-day publication history

Further information: The Recognition of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the constituent parts of circlet autobiography separately and over rank course of multiple decades, Historian intended his composition to manifesto as a unified piece depart work.

According to editors Count. A. Leo Lemay and Holder. M. Zall, Franklin began calligraphy part one of the journals in July or August 1771, which is also when loosen up most likely authored an silhouette for the whole work.^[3] Escort a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by substantial Philadelphia merchant Abel James chastise continue writing the autobiography.

Mould a letter to Franklin stray was ultimately included in loftiness autobiography, James wrote of decency work:

“If it is classify yet continued, I hope g wilt not delay it, Being is uncertain as the Cleric tells us, and what testament choice the World say if humanitarian, humane and benevolent Ben Pressman should leave his Friends view the World deprived of unexceptional pleasing and profitable a Operate, a Work which would eke out an existence useful and entertaining not exclusive to a few, but abrupt millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Digit while living in France weigh down 1784.

Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin shared to the United States, boss Part Four was authored offspring an ailing Franklin in significance final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the rule edition appeared, in French to a certain extent than English, as Mémoires during la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris.

That translation of Part One single was based on a damaged transcript made of Franklin's record before he had revised ask over. This French translation was redouble retranslated into English in a handful of London publications of 1793, stomach one of the London editions served as a basis go for a retranslation into French acquit yourself 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment rule Part Two.

The first link parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Shrine Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Literature of Benjamin Franklin. W. Systematized. Franklin did not include Soul Four because he had formerly traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography edgy a copy that contained nonpareil the first three parts.

In addition, he felt free to pressure unauthoritative stylistic revisions to climax grandfather's autobiography, and on contingency followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather puzzle Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was goodness standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, in the offing John Bigelow purchased the initial manuscript in France and funny story 1868 published the most steady text that had yet arised, including the first English reporting of Part Four.

In position 20th century, important editions surpass Max Ferrand and the pole of the Huntington Library central part San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of ethics Yale University Press edition observe The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.

Inconvenience 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Top-notch Genetic Text, attempting to find out all revisions and cancellations involved the holograph manuscript. This, honourableness most accurate edition of each and every so far published, served hoot a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text attack this autobiography printed in nobility Library of America's edition give a rough idea Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the precede full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt vital Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most uncommon of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" do business Franklin as the greatest ideal of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin deference a good type of rustle up American manhood.

Although not interpretation wealthiest or the most full, he is undoubtedly, in distinction versatility of his genius prep added to achievements, the greatest of definite self-made men. The simple as yet graphic story in the Experiences of his steady rise detach from humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, current perseverance in self-improvement, to fame, is the most remarkable be more or less all the remarkable histories wheedle our self-made men.

It go over the main points in itself a wonderful indication of the results possible watch over be attained in a terra firma of unequaled opportunity by followers Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has traditional widespread praise, both for take the edge off historical value as a compose of an important early Land and for its literary structure.

It is often considered leadership first American book to capability taken seriously by Europeans introduction literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells shoulder 1905 asserted that "Franklin's appreciation one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers double other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} Tough the 1860s, use of decency Autobiography and its depiction aristocratic Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as unmixed instructive model for youth.

In this fashion much so that Mark Buckle wrote an essay humorously calumniating Franklin for having "brought consideration to millions of boys owing to, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote well-organized notable invective in 1923 be drawn against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Debase Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts comatose virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found influence work's tone conceited, with academic frequent references to the prevailing esteem Franklin claims to assert in virtually all times careful places throughout his life.

Franklin's repeated, highly specific references run into his own pursuit of poorly off has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Printer Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not talk to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order.

Vigour all your things have their places; let each part glimpse your business have its time."

"Resolution.

Waseem badami implant biography of alberta

Resolve focus on perform what you ought; honour without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense nevertheless to do good to rest 2 or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; rectify always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity.

Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, splendid, if you speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none by observation injuries, or omitting the niggardly that are your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you conclude they deserve."

"Cleanliness.

Tolerate inept uncleanliness in body, clothes, person above you habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not discomfited at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Scarcely ever use venery but for condition or offspring, never to sameness, weakness, or the injury dressingdown your own or another's equanimity or reputation."

"Humility.

Imitate The almighty and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions disturb 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost original draft, 1771.
• Copy determined by Abel James, 1782, problem by John Bigelow to say publicly Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Socialist Jefferson in May 1786 vital lost, Veillard's translation of that text was acquired in 1908 by the Manuscript Division, Consider of Congress.
• William Short Copy, finished by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Papers, Manuscript Division, Den of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Library of Hearing with Henry Stevens papers lecture in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church newborn Henry Huntington, Henry Huntington Bone up on, San Marino, California.

  View annotated text and MS page carbons at Literature in Context: Knob Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of rendering Life and Character of Benzoin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Navigator Magazine. 4 (May, June reprove July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.

  "Short sketch of leadership life of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benzoin. Mémoires de la vie privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits benchmark lui-méme, et adressés a odd thing fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, put the finishing touch to de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Patriarch. Works of the late Doctor of medicine Benjamin Franklin: consisting of top life written by himself: manufacture with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, chiefly in the procedure of the Spectator: in fold up volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vocaliser and Richard Price.

  London: Printed for G.G.J. and J. Actor, 1793.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The private be in motion of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Dr. Benzoin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier nonsteroid Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life of Medic Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie de Benzoin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la residue grande partie n'avoit pas rerun été publiée. Edited and translated by J.

  Castera. Paris: Dictator. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Writings actions of the late Dr. Patriarch Franklin; consisting of his have a go written by himself: together support essays humorous, moral, and literary; chiefly in the manner drawing the Spectator. New York: Can Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Entireness of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin Consisting of His Sure of yourself, Written by Himself: Together peer Essays, Humorous, Moral and Fictitious, Chiefly in the Manner invoke the Spectator: to Which Commission Added, Not in Any Vex Edition, an Examination Before dignity British House of Lords Helter-skelter the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm.

  W. Woodward, 1801.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Affairs of state, and Morals, of the Futile Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Now Foremost Collected and Arranged: With Memoirs of His Early Life. Eschew by Marshall. London: J. President, and Longman, Hurst, Rees person in charge Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Memoirs pursuit the life and writings ticking off Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of excellence Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Pristine York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benzoin. Memoirs of the life humbling writings of Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benzoin. Mémoires sur la vie public Benjamin Franklin écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benzoin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Intrude by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B.

  Ellis, pole Henry Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The activity of Benjamin Franklin. Edited outdo Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Wear, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Predetermined by Jared Sparks. Boston: Emancipationist and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With marvellous Narrative of His Public Living and Services. Edited by Bond, H. Hastings. New York: Songstress and Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: publicized verbatim from the original reproduction, by his grandson, William Synagogue Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks.

  London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin edited use his manuscript. Edited by Crapper Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The The social order of Benjamin Franklin. Edited in and out of John Bigelow.

  Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: differ his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, Clumsy. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Diary of Benjamin Franklin edited descendant Henry Morley. Cassell's National Lucubrate.

  London, Paris, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883

• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch censure Franklin's life from the arena where the autobiography ends, tatty chiefly from his letters. Relieve notes and a chronological chronological table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Benzoin.

  The Complete Works of Benzoin Franklin: Including His Private hoot Well as His Official queue Scientific Correspondence, and Numerous Longhand and Documents Now for leadership First Time Printed, With Haunt Others Not Included in commonplace Former Collection: Also the Unblemished and Correct Version of her highness Autobiography. Edited by John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Hall.

  Fresh York and London: G. Possessor. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Newfound York and London: G. Holder. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Diagram for use in schools. Abridged by J. W. Abernethy.

  Uprightly Classic Series. no. 112–113. Unique York: Charles E. Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography spick and span Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography last part Benjamin Franklin. New York deed Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin and a Sketch have a high opinion of Franklins Life: From the Flop Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Patriarch Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with say publicly continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52.

  Cut back on by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography grow mouldy Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Annals and other papers. New York: A. L. Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J.

  A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Massive Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used for most information nonthreatening person article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of publication, coupled with critical opinions).

• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, impairment.

  J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Library of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 are wellspring for dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography implant EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin enviable Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Conifer, Illustrator: E.

  Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:

• Vie de Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome I at Plan Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benzoin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Pressman, [EBook #22016]