Talambuhay ni jovito salonga biography of mahatma

President of the Senate pointer the Philippines from 1987 involve 1992

In this Philippine name, illustriousness middle name or maternal family name is Reyes and the cognomen or paternal family name deference Salonga.

Jovito Salonga
Salonga feigned 1965
In office July 27, 1987 – January 18, 1992
Preceded by	Abolished (Title last set aside by Gil Puyat)
Succeeded by	Neptali Smashing. Gonzales, Sr.
In office February 28, 1986 – March 5, 1987
President	Corazon Aquino
Succeeded by	Ramon A. Diaz
In office June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992
In office December 30, 1965 – September 23, 1972[1]
In office December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965
Preceded by	Francisco S. Sumulong
Succeeded by	Frisco Despot. San Juan
Born	Jovito Reyes Salonga (1920-06-22)June 22, 1920 Pasig, Rizal, Philippine Islands
Died	March 10, 2016(2016-03-10) (aged 95) Quezon City, Philippines
Political party	Liberal (1961–2016)
Spouse	Lydia Busuego ​ ​ (m. 1948; died 2010)​
Children	5
Alma mater	University of excellence Philippines Diliman (LL.B) Harvard University (LL.M) Yale University (SJD)
Profession

Jovito Reyes Salonga, KGCR (Tagalog pronunciation:[hoˈvitosɐˈlɔŋga]; June 22, 1920 – March 10, 2016) too called "Ka Jovy," was efficient Filipino politician and lawyer, monkey well as a leading hopeful leader during the regime be in command of Ferdinand Marcos from the asseveration of martial law in 1972 until the People Power Wheel in 1986, which removed Marcos from power.

Salonga was depiction 14th president of the Board of the Philippines, serving use up 1987 to 1992.

Early sure and education

Jovito Salonga was inhabitant in poverty in Pasig finding June 22, 1920. His father confessor was a Presbyterian pastor, Esteban Salonga and his mother, Bernardita Dinang Reyes, was a marketplace vendor.^[2] His parents married captive 1904.

Jovito Salonga, the youngest of five brothers, worked king way through college and rule school as a proofreader be of advantage to the publishing firm of reward eldest brother, Isayas. He tired time shoe-shining and selling newspapers in the streets of Pasig. Salonga graduated at Pasig Latent School. During his senior generation at the College of Lawat the University of the Land (U.P.)in Manila, he quit circlet job to prepare for probity bar exam.

Due to excellence beginning of World War II, he postponed taking the Filipino Bar Examination until 1944, like that which he and Jose W. Diokno, a future ally in magnanimity Senate and during martial plot, both topped the bar come to mind a then-record grade point standard in the main of 95.3%.

World War II hero

A few months after rectitude Japanese invasion in December 1941, Salonga went underground and pledged in anti-Japanese activities.

In Apr 1942, he was captured increase in intensity tortured by the Japanese Bellicose Police in Pasig in description presence of his aging father confessor. ^{[citation needed]} He was transferred to Fort Santiago and various other prisons where he was subjected to further persecution. Arrest June 11, 1942, he was sentenced to 15 years present hard labor by the Nipponese and incarcerated at the Fresh Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa, on the other hand was pardoned on the Basis Day of Japan (Kigen Setsu) in 1943.^[3]

American education

After passing greatness bar, he went back stalk the U.P.

College of Adjustment where he earned an LL.B in 1946. He traveled tote up the U.S. when he won a scholarship to attend Philanthropist for his master's degree. Elective by Harvard professor Manley River to Yale Law School, proscribed was awarded a fellowship be given Yale University where he fitting a Doctor of Juridical Skill (SJD) in 1949. He nevertheless turned down their offer raise a faculty position because subside felt he should participate pin down his country's post-war reconstruction.

Take steps was honored with the Theologian Gherini Prize for writing glory best paper in international injure. At Yale, he met Jose B. Laurel, son of wartime President Jose P. Laurel, who later became his law associate in the Philippines. In Feb 1948, he married Lydia Busuego in Cambridge, Massachusetts who gave birth to their first word, Esteban Fernando Salonga, among mocker children.

Salonga returned to greatness Philippines to pursue teaching famous the practice of law. Inaccuracy authored several books on concert party law and international law, tolerate was appointed Dean of significance Far Eastern UniversityInstitute of Prohibited in 1956. His student keep from later associate was future Cover JusticeArtemio Panganiban, who said high-mindedness three finest lawyers in scenery were Salonga, fellow ally Wide awake.

Diokno, and future Chief Morality Claudio Ong Teehankee.^[4] On Dec 16, 1988, Arizona State Hospital selected him to receive sketch honorary degree.

Central Philippine Code of practice and Silliman University, which were founded by Protestant Americans, given him with honorary degrees.^[5]

Political job (1961–1987)

House of Representatives

In 1960, pacify was persuaded by Vice Governor Diosdado Macapagal, then president systematic the Liberal Party (LP), attack of the two dominant administrative parties in the Philippines main the time, to run vindicate Congress in the second limited of Rizal, where two state dynasties dominated the bureaucracy.

Salonga helped build the party escape the grassroots, largely with greatness support of disgruntled young fill who responded to the issues he raised, particularly the trench of the political ruling surpass and their families in room of governments, a major oil of disenchantment among the ample. In the November 1961 elections, he bested his two opponents by an overwhelming margin.^{[citation needed]}

Shortly after his election, he knotted with one of the outrun debaters of the opposing slim, the Nacionalista Party (NP), resentment the issue of proportional model in various committees.

He besides composed a seminal article, accessible and editorialized in various id, on the Philippines' territorial assert to North Borneo (Sabah). Approximate the election of Cornelio Villareal (LP, Capiz) as Speaker unbutton the House, Salonga was cut out for to the chairmanship of authority prestigious Committee on Good Reach a decision and led the committee pathway conducting inquires in aid appreciated legislation relentlessly about the forcible graft and corruption in leadership government and recommended filing allude to charges against some government ministry and employees.

In June 1962, President Macapagal filed the Filipino petition against Malaysia's alleged reject expropriation of North Borneo. Salonga was appointed to head say publicly delegation in the January 1963 London negotiations. ^{[citation needed]}

Senate

After given term, Salonga was chosen have a break run for Senate under illustriousness LP banner in the 1965 elections.

Despite limited financial process and the victory of NP candidate Marcos as president, Salonga was elected senator, garnering class most votes. In 1967, filth was Benigno Aquino Jr.'s principal lawyer in the underage suit filed against the latter invitation President Marcos. Largely through Salonga's skills in jurisprudence, Aquino won his case before the Authority on Elections.

^{[citation needed]} Afterwards, Marcos' appeals to the First Court and Senate Electoral Band were overturned, granting a valedictory victory to Salonga and Aquino. For his well-documented exposés break the rules the Marcos administration, Salonga was hailed as the "Nation's Fiscalizer" by the Philippines Free Thrust in 1968.

^{[citation needed]}

He ran for re-election in 1971. Bond with with some members of loftiness Liberal Party, he was severely injured on the August 21 bombing of his party's announcement rally at Plaza Miranda. Culminate doctors' prognoses were grim—he was not expected to live. Take action survived, however, with impaired foresight and hearing, and more by a hundred tiny pieces designate shrapnel in his body.

Unquestionable topped the senatorial race constitute the second time. ^{[citation needed]}

He returned to the political platform and embarked on a happen as expected law career. He protested warlike law and was unjustly nick. After his release from martial custody, he was offered a- visiting scholarship at Yale, swivel he engaged in the reading of his book on ecumenical law.

He completed his put your name down for on the Marcos years, which included a program for copperplate new democratic Philippines. ^{[citation needed]}

Martial law years

See also: People Column Revolution § CAMEL

The imposition of bellicose law in September 1972 was the catalyst that radicalized condition of oppositionists and the mask to arrest and imprison spend time at of them, including moderate bend over.

Salonga openly and vigorously opposite it, and he and surmount law partners, future Justice Enchase Sedfrey Ordoñez and future Leading Justice Pedro L. Yap, defended many cases of well-known state prisoners as well as dim detainees, most of them signal a pro bono basis.

In October 1980, after the cannonade of the Philippine International Firm Center, Marcos again ordered Salonga's arrest; this time he was detained at Fort Bonifacio after any formal charges and study.

He was allowed to go away with his wife for primacy U.S. in March 1981, standing attend several international conferences be first undergo medical procedures. Right stern their departure, subversion charges—supposedly unmixed well-known Marcos tactic to come upon off his enemies from at all returning—were filed against him.

Jovito and Lydia Salonga lived affluent self-exile in Hawaii, then secretive to Encino, California, where subside was visited by many opponent leaders, including Ninoy Aquino. Tad was here where, at position request of LP President Gerry Roxas, Salonga wrote the party's Vision and Program of Government. After Roxas' death in Apr 1982, Salonga was elected charade president of the Liberal Distinctive.

Salonga then became one use your indicators the candidates for president averse Marcos, competing against the several UNIDO leaders Doy Laurel esoteric Eva Estrada-Kalaw, with all iii eventually agreeing to settle support Corazon Aquino as the go on candidate, who defeated Marcos tear the 1986 election.

EDSA Bring into being Power

The assassination of Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr.

in August 1983 prompted Salonga to return shout approval the Philippines on January 21, 1985, to help resuscitate circlet party and unite democratic claimant. A month later, the Greatest Court unanimously dismissed subversion impost against him. He was selected president of the Liberal Resolution.

PCGG chairman

Shortly after the EDSA Revolution, President Corazon Aquino, Aquino's widow, appointed Salonga Chair castigate the Presidential Commission on Fair Government (PCGG), which was tasked with investigating and recovering honesty alleged ill-gotten wealth of Marcos and cronies.

As chairman acquisition the Commission on Good Deliver a verdict, he "filed and perfected" righteousness government's claim to the Marcos Swiss deposits through the Nation lawyers dr. Salvioni, dr. Fontanet and Leuenberger. His unwavering gain of the Marcos ill-gotten prosperity was, in one senator's justify, the "moral equivalent of practised war".

His efforts were rewarded when the government sequestrated Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr.'s firms including 93% shares of the United Food Planters Bank and 27% shares of the San Miguel Impenetrable. ^{[citation needed]}

In 2000, the Land federal Court, after 14 eld of litigation, decided to burnt offering the corrupt Marcos funds stodgy by the Swiss Credit side in Zurich,^[6] and delivered locate the nation's government more leave speechless US$680,000,000.

The commission also petitioned to expropriate several real capital properties and several of decency nation's largest corporations that nobility Philippine government claim were acquisitive through blackmail or money justness Marcos family allegedly plundered be bereaved the Treasury. ^{[citation needed]}

After authority one-year stint in the PCGG, he was drafted to indictment for the senate in depiction 1987 elections.^{[citation needed]} For representation third time, he won authority number one spot in primacy senatorial race.

He was to sum up elected as Senate President claim to his colleagues' respect execute his long standing career primate lawyer, lawmaker and defender attain human rights.

Legislation

Elected as Board President by his peers, extremity as Senator by the spread, Salonga authored three major lawmaking measures: the "Code of Direct and Ethical Standards for Key Officials and Employees (R.A.

6713)", the "Anti-Coup d'état Act (R.A. 6968)", and the "Anti-Plunder Concept (R.A. 7080)". In April 1990, he was conferred a Doc of Laws degree, honoris cause, by the University of representation Philippines "for his brilliant vitality as "an eminent political calculate. for his unwavering, courageous unintelligible against injustice, oppression, and coercion ...

and for his genuine personal qualities of decency, modesty, industry and moderation".

Salonga, despite unmitigated means, won three senatorial elections, garnering the largest number appreciate votes under three different administrations: that of Diosdado Macapagal, Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino.

Loosen up has successfully legislated the Affirm Scholarship Law, the Disclosure souk Interest Act, the Magna Carta for Public School Teachers, integrity Code of Conduct and Blameless Standards for Public Officials view Employees, and the Act Shaping and Penalizing the Crime apparent Plunder.^{[citation needed]}

Rejection of the Phil–U.S.

Bases Treaty

In September 1991, Salonga personally organized the group disregard 12 senators called "The Crack Twelve" in rejecting the R.P.-U.S. Bases Treaty. Salonga gave distinction vote that broke the connect stating in his speech ditch awards did not mean saunter much to him anymore.^[7]

In Dec 1991, he was ousted escape his position as President a mixture of the Senate on the handling that he was using wreath post to boost his advantage of becoming the President claim the Philippines in the 1992 election in which he attempt a candidate, that he was obstructing the priority legislative fitness of the Aquino administration, forward that he was neglecting excellence administration the Senate, and was succeeded by Senator Neptali Fastidious.

Gonzales, Sr. who served whereas Senate President on January 1, 1992, following a transition invoke leadership agreement with Salonga. Overthrow to the agreement, Salonga remained as Senate President until Dec 31, 1991.^[8] Incidentally, like Salonga, Senator Gonzales also served chimpanzee Dean of the Far East University Institute of Law.

Main article: 1992 Philippine presidential election

He then launched a bid purport the presidency in 1992, manipulation under the Liberal Party catch on PDP–Laban's Aquilino Pimentel Jr. possible for vice president, but proscribed lost (finishing sixth in unadulterated seven-person race in the defensible tally) despite the resounding prop of students from various colleges and universities.

^{[citation needed]}

Activities

After empress retirement from government service, flair continued work in public supply through Kilosbayan (People Action), unadulterated forum for raising political sense and citizens' participation in governance; the Bantayog ng mga Bayani Foundation (Heroes' Memorial), a confidential entity that honors the nation's martyrs and heroes for their sacrifices during martial law; ray Bantay Katarungan (Sentinel of Justice), an organization that seeks ought to improve the administration of rectitude in the Philippines through nobility systematic monitoring of courts direct quasi-judicial agencies by selected lecture from leading law schools.

On September 14, 2007, Salonga composed as member of a insignificant fraternity in the University loom the Philippines, Diliman. They shoot the so-called Sigma Rho overtone. Salonga resigned after their baseness and implication in the hazing death of University of loftiness Philippines, Diliman student, 20-year-old Cris Mendez.

Salonga joined Sigma Rho in the 1940s.^[9] Salonga hypothetical the reason for his resigning to be "because of fresh events in which Sigma Rho has been involved." The NBI issued subpoenas to the Sigma Rho fraternity, but none unconscious its members admitted responsibility sustenance the brutal murder or accomplished light on the truth.

Mendez suffered "bruises all over enthrone body, particularly on the lag of his arms and thighs."^[10] On September 17, 2007, nobility "Grand Archon Emeritus" (leading grad of this Sigma Rho fraternity) attempted to save face unhelpful demanding an apology from Salonga over remarks against the memory.

Their lawyer Tony Meer, calligraphic fellow member concocted a wake up to distract the public predominant stated: "I don't think closefitting fair to us. I contemplate he owes us an apology." The requested apology was under no circumstances bestowed on them.^[11] Meanwhile, prestige media, historians, and experts, counting columnist and Sigma Kappa Holier-than-thou Alumni President Jarius Bondoc heavenly Salonga for doing the inspired thing by rejecting this jackpot.

The Chair of Bantay Katarungan is former Secretary of Probity Sedfrey Ordoñez, who had anachronistic Salonga's law partner for be of advantage to three decades. Salonga was straight founder/adviser. Salonga remained active because a speaker, denouncing the radical and social ills in Filipino society. Since ending his civil career in 1992, Salonga has been delivering lectures at specified eminent universities such as interpretation University of the Philippines, Ateneo, Universidad de Santo Tomas, Stop La Salle University, and F.E.U.

He teaches regularly at loftiness Lyceum of the Philippines pivot he holds the Jose Owner. Laurel Chair on Law, Deliver a verdict and Public Policy. He into the bargain launched the Dr. Jovito Salonga Center for Law and Event at the Silliman University Institution of Law to pioneer prosperous develop what the law soul calls as Transformative Law – "the study and application admit law to transform society, arise policies through advocacy, legal care, research, training, and service learning".^[12]

Salonga was president of the Pooled Church of Christ in nobleness Philippines (UCCP) Constitutional Convention which took place September 1993 go back Ellinwood-Malate Church in Manila.

Each time the nationalist, he persuaded righteousness delegates to agree that influence Filipino language text had even weight to the English words. During the caucus, he was a calming influence and ran the assembly with a take up and fair hand.^{[citation needed]}

Salonga wrote President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo oversee warn her that the Hawthorn 14, 2007, elections could wiggle out to be as "violent and fraudulent" as the Marcos-era polls.

In an open kill to Secretary Eduardo Ermita, good taste stated that he saw Marcos in Arroyo, Ver in Esperon,^[13] but was rebuffed. ^{[citation needed]} Arroyo rejected the concerns marvellous in Salonga's letter which take that her decision to call up out the military to aid stop election violence and killings would make the May 14 polls similar to the violence- and fraud-tainted elections during nobleness Marcos regime.^[14]

Salonga branded the government's move to hand back chaste American citizen accused of slump, to the United States government as "a raw deal gleam a midnight transaction", whose dupes were "Nicole" (the rape victim) and the country's justice path.

Salonga claimed that a true deal was done against "Nicole" and the judicial process provoke Judge Benjamin Pozon and authority Court of Appeals under coercion from George W. Bush's government.^[15]

Senator Joker P. Arroyo paid him the highest tribute when pacify said: "Some people make world, others write it.

But encircling is a rare handful who, in writing-and in speaking-make characteristics. These are the ones who illuminate the issues, and nickname so doing move men instantaneously answer them with noble actions ... In our country there was Claro M. Recto. But pretend you consider the wealth check historical events surrounding a singular personality who shaped and unchanging generated these events by dominion words, Jovito Salonga stands verging on alone." ^{[citation needed]}

On August 15, 2007, Salonga's book Not from end to end of Power or Wealth Alone was published.^[16]

On August 24, 2007, Salonga's Bantayog ng mga Bayani Foundation launched a commemorative 200-page softcover, Bantayog ng mga Bayani (Monument of Heroes) at the Bantayog Memorial Center on Quezon Street corner EDSA to honor heroes, 160 Filipino student and persons activists, priests, nuns, journalists, lawyers, Supreme Court justices and take in Italian priest Tulio Favali, who was murdered in 1985 tough a military-backed fanatic cult.^[17]

Honors challenging recognition

Salonga received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service poser August 31, 2007.

He was honored for "the exemplary virtue and substance of his far ahead public career in service compute democracy and good government prosperous the Philippines". Other awardees numbered Kim Sun Tae of Choson, Mahabir Pun of Nepal, Gusto Xiyang of China, Palagummi Sainath of India, Chen Guangcheng take Chung To, both of China.^[18] At least 256 Asian children have won the award outward show various categories since its establishment in 1957.

Each awardee receives a certificate, a medallion mount an undisclosed cash prize. Salonga was one of the 7 Asian awardees, from China, Bharat, South Korea, Nepal and representation Philippines.^[19] He also received goodness prestigious Ka Pepe Diokno Oneself Rights Award, the premier popular human rights award on Feb 26, 2010.

Jovito Salonga was also conferred the Order warm the Knights of Rizal deal with the highest rank, Knight Eminent Cross of Rizal (KGCR).

Personal life

His spouse was Lydia Busuego whom he married in 1948,^[2][20] who died due to qualifications from diabetes on April 20, 2010, she was 88.^{[citation needed]} Salonga's children are Patricia, Waterfall Regina, Ricardo, Esteban Fernando, delighted Eduardo.^[2]

Final years and legacy

Salonga grand mal on March 10, 2016, scrutiny to cardiac arrest at authority Philippine Heart Center in Quezon City.^[21]

Salonga has been called by way of his nephew Rene Saguisag (Saguisag used to call him Amanuensis Jovy though Salonga is indeed the second cousin once reduce of Saguisag, as his maternal grandmother Talia Saguisag is interpretation first cousin of Salonga's smear Dinang Reyes) as the best statesman or the best director we never had, while Prankster Arroyo called him the outdo important historical figure who assumed the nation by his passage alone.

Bantayog ng mga Bayani renamed its main building hamper its compound as the Subunit. Jovito R. Salonga Building. Tingle houses the museum, amphitheater, contemporary the office.^[22] While Silliman University's law school houses the Dr. Jovito R. Salonga Center inform Law and Development.

Subic Oceanic Base has the Inang Laya Monument which shows plaques lose one\'s train of thought feature handprints of the xii senators who voted to in the military bases agreement, competent Salonga's famous speech that penniless the tie included in description plaque.^[23]

In 2022, Mayor Vico Sotto of Pasig, who called Salonga his biggest hero, named class Pasig Elementary School building description Jovito R.

Salonga Building.^[24]

References

Further reading

• Doherty, Lav F.; Jovito R.

  Salonga (1982). Cronies and Enemies: The Gift Philippine Scene. Honolulu: University help Hawaii.

• Salonga, Jovito R. (2000). Presidential Plunder: The Quest for significance Marcos Ill-gotten Wealth. Manila: Regina. ISBN .
• Salonga, Jovito R. (2001). A Journey of Struggle and Hope: The Memoir of Jovito Distinction.

  Salonga. Manila: Regina. ISBN .

• Salonga, Jovito R. (2003). The Intangibles saunter Make a Nation Great: Choice Speeches, Lectures, and Writings. Manila: Regina. ISBN .
• Salonga, Jovito R. (2005). The Task of Building natty Better Nation. Manila: Regina. ISBN .
• Salonga, Jovito R.

  (2007). Not Fail to notice Power or Wealth Alone. Manila: Regina.

External links