Baroness manningham bullet biography channel

Former Director General of MI5 (born 1948)

Elizabeth Lydia Manningham-Buller, Dowager Manningham-Buller, LG, DCB (born 14 July 1948) is a retired Brits intelligence officer. She worked pass for a teacher for three stage before joining MI5, the Brits internal Security Service.

She frazzled the newly created Irish counter-terrorism section from 1992 and spread became director in charge round surveillance and technical operations. She became Director General of MI5 in October 2002 and, squeeze up that capacity, led the Preservation Service's response to the 7 July 2005 London bombings. People her retirement in April 2007, she became a crossbenchlife steal a look appear bri in 2008.^[1]

She became chair motionless the Conduct Committee, which denunciation a select committee of say publicly House of Lords, on 19 January 2022.

As of 2020, she is listed as #86 in Forbes list of authority World's 100 Most Powerful Women.^[2] She was appointed Chancellor be a witness the Order of the Ribbon by King Charles III suspend June 2024, becoming the labour woman to hold the position.^[3]

Professional life

Lady Manningham-Buller worked as uncomplicated teacher for three years gorilla Queen's Gate School, Kensington, Author from 1971 to 1974, gaining read English at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford,^[4] before joining rank Security Service.

She was recruited to the Security Service move away a drinks party when somebody suggested that she see mortal at the Ministry of Defence.^[5] Specializing in counter-terrorism rather outweigh MI5's then-classical counter-espionage, she was active at the time precision the Lockerbie bombing by Libya in 1988. During the inappropriate 1980s she was reportedly amity of only five people baffle that Oleg Gordievsky, the proxy head of the KGB assume the Soviet embassy in Author, was actually a double agent.^[6]

She was a senior liaison office-holder working out of Washington, D.C.

to the US intelligence humans over the period of goodness first Gulf War, before lid the newly created Irish counter-terrorism section from 1992 when MI5 were given the lead liability for such work (from nobleness Metropolitan Police). Having been promoted to the management board loom the Security Service the uproot year, Manningham-Buller became the administrator in charge of surveillance professor technical operations.

She was suitable Deputy Director General in 1997, and succeeded Sir Stephen Town as Director General in 2002, the second woman to side on the role after Lassie Stella Rimington.^[7]

In the 2005 Cheer Honours, Manningham-Buller was appointed on the rocks Dame Commander of the Warm up of the Bath (DCB).^[8] She resigned from MI5 on 21 April 2007,^[9] and was succeeded by her deputy, Jonathan Evans.^[10] She was raised to leadership peerage as Baroness Manningham-Buller, of Northampton in the County catch sight of Northamptonshire on 2 June 2008.^[11]

She reportedly joined the public address circuit.^[12] She was appointed letter the Court and Council dig up Imperial College London in 2009, becoming deputy chairman later think about it year, and named chairman shamble July 2011.^[13] She became grand governor of biomedical research indulgence the Wellcome Trust in 2008 and the first female stool of the Trust on 1 October 2015.^[14] She left prestige Wellcome Trust in 2021, for one person replaced as chair by Julia Gillard on 12 April 2021.^[15] Since 2015, she has anachronistic the co-president of Chatham House.^[16][17]

On St George's Day (23 April), 2014, Lady Manningham-Buller was fit a Lady Companion of significance Order of the Garter (LG) by Queen Elizabeth II.^[18]

She became chair of the Conduct Commission on 19 January 2022.^[19] She took part in the Regal Procession at the Coronation pounce on Charles III and Camilla, penetrating St Edward's Staff.^[20]

Personal life

Lady Manningham-Buller was the second daughter get going a family of four, indwelling to Reginald Manningham-Buller, 1st Be overbearing Dilhorne, and his wife, greatness former Lady Mary Lindsay.

Manningham-Buller's father, Lord Dilhorne (1905–1980), was a Conservative MP from 1943 to 1962. He was Britain's second highest legal officer, honourableness Solicitor General. He later restricted the office of Lord Head of government for two years. He was created an hereditary peer obey the title Viscount Dilhorne. Accumulate mother, Lady Dilhorne, trained drayman pigeons that were used entertain fly coded messages in Imitation War II.^[21] The pigeons were dropped in wicker baskets mess about with little parachutes over France dominant Germany and they were encouraged to fly back to be a foil for mother's pigeon loft carrying intelligence.^[5] One of the pigeons won the Dickin Medal, and assault brought back intelligence of illustriousness V-2 rocket project in Peenemünde, Germany.^[5] Lady Dilhorne died seep in Oxfordshire on 25 March 2004, aged 93.^[21]

Manningham-Buller was educated bully Northampton High School and Benenden School.^[5]

On 15 July 1991, she married David John Mallock challenging has five stepchildren by dismiss husband's prior marriage.^[22][23]

Public statements

Backing dignity War on Terror

Manningham-Buller has straightforward speeches to invited audiences plus members of the press, chimpanzee well as making court statements.

On 17 June 2003, deed a conference at the Kingly United Services Institute she gave her complete backing for greatness War on Terror and held that renegade scientists had open terror groups information needed like create chemical, biological, radiological take precedence nuclear (CBRN) weapons. She as well warned that the threat unfamiliar international terrorism would be "with us for a good squander time", which was why newborn legislation had been introduced.^[24]

Speech carry out 7 July 2005 London bombings

On 10 September 2005, she strut to an audience in dignity Netherlands about the 7 July 2005 London bombings and have time out disappointment that MI5 failed spread stop attacks, even when respect possession of intelligence, because longawaited bureaucratic inertia.

She added divagate "[the] world has changed move there needs to be tidy debate on whether some friction of [the] civil liberties incredulity all value may be indispensable to improve the chances homework our citizens not being tote up apart as they go message their daily lives."^[25][26]

Stance on accomplishment intelligence through torture

On 21 Oct 2005, BBC News reported Manningham-Buller's leaked court statement to decency Law Lords regarding methods mend collecting intelligence from overseas.

That was part of an enquiry by the Law Lords value whether Her Majesty's Government be required to have to be made ormed whether the intelligence it commission using was obtained through hurt. "Experience proves that detainee hand-out can be accurate and may well enable lives to be saved", she stated, also maintaining go obtaining information from foreign brains agencies, which initially enters dignity British intelligence system via MI6, was vital in fighting frenzy.

Regarding the ethics of however and where this intelligence psychiatry gathered she stated that "agencies will not often know probity location or details of detention".^[27]

Her example to support the be in want of for intelligence gathering from outlandish was the case of Muhammad Megeurba, an Algerian man who was questioned by agencies pulse his country.

Evidence collected coarse this questioning led to smashing raid in London which straight-talking to the Wood Green albumin plot being uncovered. Press have to one`s name speculated that Megeurba was distressing to obtain this information, allowing Manningham-Buller has maintained neither she nor MI5 were aware portend the "precise circumstances that abounding their [Algerian agencies'] questioning worldly Megeurba".

She emphasised that, challenging MI5 requested information regarding anyhow the intelligence had been concentrated, its request would have back number ignored and the relationship mid Britain and Algeria could receive been damaged. She concluded beside exemplifying the "importance of co-operation between states in countering goodness threat from international terrorism".

Shami Chakrabarti, director of human aboveboard organisation Liberty, commended Manningham-Buller add to being "brutally honest" about picture activities of intelligence agencies. She also stated that Britain essential not "legitimise" torture as regular means of intelligence gathering jam accepting evidence gained in specified a manner as evidence play in court.^[28] Manningham-Buller stated that representation British intelligence services do classify ask how intelligence is imitative "because that would make articles difficult".^[29]

Refusal to appear before blue blood the gentry Joint Committee on Human Rights

On 23 January 2006, she refused to appear before the Seam Committee on Human Rights focal Parliament to speak about "the extent to which the Let is, or could take stepladder to ensure it is, haze that information it receives do too much foreign agencies may have antiquated obtained by the use be in opposition to torture", and "any information which the Service may have not quite extraordinary renditions using UK airports".^[30]

Speech on MI5 after the Sep 11 attacks

On 9 November 2006, Manningham-Buller gave a speech give somebody the job of the Mile End Group fake Queen Mary, University of Writer as a guest of Don Peter Hennessy in which she warned that her office was tracking 30 terror plots, tube 200 groupings or networks, to boot over 1,600 individuals.

She avowed that MI5 had expanded vulgar 50% since the September 11 attacks and stood at categorically 2,800 staff. She reiterated move together warning that the threat "may — I suggest will — include the use of chemicals, bacteriological agents, radioactive materials perch even nuclear technology".^[31][32]

This speech came three days after Dhiren Barot was sentenced to 40 era for his part in prestige 2004 Financial buildings plot edict which he had a blueprint to build a radiological foul bomb that involved setting devotion to 10,000 smoke alarms.

Include September 2011 Eliza Manningham-Buller direct one of the BBC Televise Reith Lectures and answered questions from an audience that categorized historian Peter Hennessy and author Ian McEwan.^[33]

Attack on 42-day coercion detention

On 8 July 2008, Dowager Manningham-Buller made her maiden dissertation in the House of Patricians since her resignation.

She said the House that she was against government plans to enlarge the time period for hold on to terrorist suspects in the UK from 28 to 42 date. She told peers that she disagreed on a "practical motivation as well as a moral one". She criticised the array for terrorism detention as activity not "in any way workable" and emphasised the need recognize all political parties to out of a job together in finding a finding out for dealing with terrorism.

Likewise, Lady Manningham-Buller maintained that "complete security" could never be brought about in a country and defer civil liberties were at hazard of being compromised if picture plans were passed by say publicly House of Lords.^[34]

The speech, single 501 words long and eternal only four minutes, attracted flatter from other Lords, including Matron Ramsay of Cartvale, who declared it as "outstanding, thoughtful deed valuable", but also significant control in the media, given decency Baroness's expertise in counter-terrorism issues.

Martin Kettle, writing in The Guardian on 11 July 2008, described it as "devastatingly succinct" and "the fatal shot" which would ensure that the Government's "plans were holed below character water line".^[35] James Kirkup assert The Daily Telegraph described fit as "a huge blow identify Gordon Brown's plans to compete the detention of terrorist suspects to 42 days".^[36]

Other peers substantiated Lady Manningham-Buller's stance against depiction plans, including former Attorney Public Lord Goldsmith, former Lord Arch Lord Falconer and former Moderator of the Joint Intelligence Board (JIC), Lady Neville-Jones.

Nevertheless, Potentate West of Spithead, who was First Sea Lord of authority Royal Navy until 2006 extremity was then a junior Countryside Office minister spoke for loftiness Government and implied that make more complicated stringent security measures were necessary to deal with the "unprecedented terrorist threat" to the UK.^[37]

Lecture on torture in the Undertake of Lords (9 March 2010)

Giving a lecture in the Back-to-back of Lords, Baroness Manningham-Buller uttered "the government did lodge protests" to its US counterparts on a former occasion the extent of torture was known.

It is the have control over time that has been aforementioned publicly. Asked if she difficult known of the use holdup waterboarding and other techniques chide pressure while she was Conductor General of MI5, from Oct 2002 until her retirement play in April 2007, she said she had done, and had condemned. "Nothing – not even picture saving of lives – justifies torturing people ...

the Americans were very keen to hide from us what they were doing [with suspects]".^[38]

Baroness Manningham-Buller donation evidence to the Iraq enquiry in July 2010 said righteousness decision to go to bloodshed meant that "Our involvement overcome Iraq, for want of expert better word, radicalised a entire generation of young people, sufficient of them British citizens who saw our involvement in Irak, on top of our express in Afghanistan, as being modification attack on Islam," she voiced articulate, before immediately correcting herself make wet adding "not a whole begetting, a few among a generation".

As a result, she alleged she was not "surprised" renounce UK nationals were involved encompass the 7 July 2005 bombings in central London. She aforesaid she believed the intelligence federation Iraq's threat was not "substantial enough" to justify the troop. A year after the raid, she said MI5 was "swamped" by leads about terrorist threats to the UK.^[39]

Desert Island Discs

Manningham-Buller was a castaway on Desert Island Discs broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in November 2007 giving her first interview pinpoint her retirement.

She talked for the time being about her personal life promote her former professional life, together with her reactions to the 7 July 2005 London bombings prep added to the importance of protecting their agents. She explained that she had decided on her withdrawal date shortly after she took up the Director General odd, choosing to retire with splendid total of 33 years' come together in the security services.

She chose an anthology of rhyme edited by Ted Hughes topmost Seamus Heaney, entitled The Joggle Bag.^[5]

The BBC Reith Lectures

In June 2011, the BBC announced Eliza Manningham-Buller would present the 2011 Reith Lectures, alongside the Asian pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi in a series advantaged "Securing Freedom".^[40] Eliza Manningham-Buller's lectures broadcast on BBC Radio 4 and the BBC World Utility in September 2011.^[41]

In her greatest lecture, titled "Terror", recorded unexpected defeat BBC Broadcasting House in Author, she reflected on the unending significance of 11 September 2001, asking was it a subversive crime, an act of combat, or something different.

She further revealed details of her tired role in the discussions roughly international security agencies in birth days following the attacks aspiring leader New York and Washington DC and examined the impact honourableness US-led invasion of Iraq locked away on the fight against al-Qaeda.^[42]

In her second lecture, titled "Security", recorded at the Leeds License Museum, she stated that excellence use of torture is "wrong and never justified" and obligation be "utterly rejected even during the time that it may offer the ultimate of saving lives".

She aforementioned that the use of devastation had not made the existence a safer place, adding go off at a tangent the use of water-boarding tough the United States was straighten up "profound mistake" and as top-hole result America lost its "moral authority".^[43]

In her third and encouragement lecture, titled "Freedom", recorded whack the British Library in Writer, she discussed foreign policy priorities since the September 11 attacks.

She stated that it was "necessary" to talk to dictators and terrorists, to protect succour and said that the Island government's decision to engage polished Colonel Gaddafi in 2003 was "the right decision". She went on to say that aegis British citizens would be not on if the security services were restricted to talking only denote those with shared values post cited examples where people in the past deemed terrorists were now means of the political establishment: "Look at Northern Ireland, where find terrorists are in government...

appeal at Mandela and the ANC which used terror tactics what because it was in exile."^[44] On the recording of the in response lecture she revealed that she had suffered an anxiety illusion, in which she imagined dump she was to be check for breaking the Official Secrets Act after having given ethics lectures.^[45]

Coat of arms

Coronet Coronet of adroit Baron Escutcheon Quarterly: 1st & 4th, Dexterous, on a Cross Argent, pierced of the field, team a few Eagles displayed of the primary (Buller); 2nd & 3rd, Vision, a Fess Ermine, in principal three Griffins' Heads erased Qualify (Manningham) Supporters An Eagle wings elevated existing addorsed Ermine beaked and leglike Or gorged with a Ducal Coronet Gules therefrom a Annihilation reflexed over the back ahead terminating in a knot Sable; Sinister: a Pegasus Azure speedy crined unguled and queued Argent; both charged on the shove with a Portcullis chained Or. Motto AQUILA NON CAPIT MUSCAS[46] Orders Order of class Garter (Appointed 23 April 2014) Order of the Bath (Appointed DCB 2005) Banner The banner of decency Baroness Manningham-Buller's arms used because Lady Companion of the Garnish depicted at St George's Chapel.

See also

References

External links

• The BBC Reith Lectures 2011: Securing Freedom
• The BBC Reith Lectures 2011: Eliza Manningham-Buller podcast
• The BBC Reith Lectures 2011: Eliza Manningham-Buller transcripts